{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T05:59:09Z","timestamp":1780552749669,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,10]],"date-time":"2014-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1410307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We evaluated the performance and clinical utility of cervical microscopy for diagnosing genital gonorrhoea (GC) in women, using the APTIMA Combo 2 dual GC\/ Chlamydia trachomatis assay as the gold standard. Test performance was assessed overall and for patient subgroups (symptomatic, GC contacts, pelvic inflammatory disease [PID] diagnosis). It was found that 93 women had positive GC genital NAAT results; 15 had positive cervical microscopy (8 were GC contacts). In all subgroups except GC contacts, the PPV of cervical microscopy was below the nationally accepted target of 90%. Compared to APTIMA Combo 2, cervical microscopy has poor sensitivity for diagnosing GC in women (16.1% overall, 17.3% symptomatic, 25% GC contacts, 10.5% PID). GC contacts accounted for over 50% of the positive microscopy results and would have received epidemiological treatment for GC, regardless of the microscopy result. Discontinuing the routine use of cervical microscopy would improve patient flow through the sexual health clinic and resources could be utilised more effectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462414551233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,11]],"date-time":"2014-09-11T03:09:36Z","timestamp":1410404976000},"page":"656-660","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The performance and clinical utility of cervical microscopy for the diagnosis of gonorrhoea in women in the era of the NAAT"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Nicola","family":"Thorley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sexual Health, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Whittall Street Clinic, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith","family":"Radcliffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sexual Health, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Whittall Street Clinic, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0956462414551233","unstructured":"Medical Foundation for HIV and Sexual Health, British Association of Sexual Health and HIV. Standards for the management of sexually transmitted infections, www.medfash.org.uk (accessed 17 August 2014)."},{"key":"bibr2-0956462414551233","unstructured":"British Association of Sexual Health and HIV. United Kingdom National Guideline for Gonorrhoea Testing 2012 for gonorrhoea testing in England and Wales, www.bashh.org\/documents\/4490.pdf (accessed 17 August 2014)."},{"key":"bibr3-0956462414551233","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommendations for the laboratory-based detection of\n                      Chlamydia trachomatis\n                      and\n                      Neisseria gonorrhoeae\n                      , www.cdc.gov\/std\/laboratory\/2014LabRec\/default.htm (accessed 17 August 2014)."},{"key":"bibr4-0956462414551233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/424880"},{"key":"bibr5-0956462414551233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198407053110101"},{"key":"bibr6-0956462414551233","first-page":"579","volume":"100","author":"Marazzo JM","year":"2002","journal-title":"Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"bibr7-0956462414551233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181b01948"},{"key":"bibr8-0956462414551233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31828bfcb1"},{"key":"bibr9-0956462414551233","unstructured":"British Association for Sexual Health and HIV. United Kingdom National Guideline for Gonorrhoea Testing, http:\/\/www.bashh.org\/documents\/4490.pdf (2012, accessed 17 August 2014)."},{"key":"bibr10-0956462414551233","unstructured":"British Association for Sexual Health and HIV.\n                      Chlamydia trachomatis\n                      UK Testing guideline, http:\/\/www.bashh.org\/documents\/3352.pdf (2010, accessed 17 August 2014)."},{"key":"bibr11-0956462414551233","unstructured":"Public Health England. UK Standards for microbiology investigations. Staining procedures, www.hpa.org.uk\/webc\/hpawebfile\/hpaweb_C\/1309970661136 (accessed 31 July 2014)."},{"key":"bibr12-0956462414551233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/500149"},{"key":"bibr13-0956462414551233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/511423"},{"key":"bibr14-0956462414551233","unstructured":"British Association for Sexual Health and HIV. UK National Guideline for the management of bacterial vaginosis, http:\/\/www.bashh.org\/documents\/4413.pdf (2012, accessed 17 August 2014)."},{"key":"bibr15-0956462414551233","unstructured":"British Association for Sexual Health and HIV. UK National Guideline on the management of\n                      Trichomonas vaginalis\n                      , http:\/\/www.bashh.org\/documents\/UK%20national%20guideline%20on%20the%20management%20of%20TV%20%202014.pdf (2014, accessed 17 August 2014)."}],"container-title":["International Journal of STD &amp; AIDS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0956462414551233","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0956462414551233","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0956462414551233","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:34:18Z","timestamp":1777674858000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0956462414551233"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,10]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0956462414551233"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0956462414551233","relation":{},"ISSN":["0956-4624","1758-1052"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0956-4624","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1052","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,10]]}}}