{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:33:21Z","timestamp":1787754801776,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,12]],"date-time":"2014-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1418342400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We estimated HIV prevalence and identified correlates of HIV infection among 1106 men and women aged 16\u201334 years residing in Kisumu, Kenya. Demographic, sexual, and other behavioural data were collected using audio computer-assisted self-interview in conjunction with a medical examination, real-time parallel rapid HIV testing, and laboratory testing for pregnancy, gonorrhoea, chlamydia, syphilis, and herpes simplex virus type 2. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with prevalent HIV infection by gender. Overall HIV prevalence was 12.1%. HIV prevalence among women (17.1%) was approximately two-and-one-half times the prevalence among men (6.6%). Odds of HIV infection in men increased with age (aOR associated with one-year increase in age\u2009=\u20091.21, CI\u2009=\u20091.07\u20131.35) and were greater among those who were uncircumcised (aOR\u2009=\u20094.42, CI\u2009=\u20091.41\u201313.89) and those who had an herpes simplex virus type 2-positive (aOR\u2009=\u20093.13, CI\u2009=\u20091.12\u20138.73) test result. Odds of prevalent HIV infection among women also increased with age (aOR associated with one-year increase in age\u2009=\u20091.16, CI\u2009=\u20091.04\u20131.29). Women who tested herpes simplex virus type 2 positive had more than three times the odds (aOR\u2009=\u20093.85, CI\u2009=\u20091.38\u201310.46) of prevalent HIV infection compared with those who tested herpes simplex virus type 2 negative. Tailored sexual health interventions and programs may help mitigate HIV age and gender disparities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462414563625","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,13]],"date-time":"2014-12-13T20:27:10Z","timestamp":1418502430000},"page":"929-940","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Correlates of prevalent HIV infection among adults and adolescents in the Kisumu incidence cohort study, Kisumu, Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Anne","family":"Gumbe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleanor","family":"McLellan-Lemal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of HIV\/AIDS Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah A","family":"Gust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of HIV\/AIDS Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherri L","family":"Pals","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of HIV\/AIDS Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristen Mahle","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of HIV\/AIDS Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Ndivo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert T","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of HIV\/AIDS Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa A","family":"Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HIV-Research Branch, Kisumu, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy K","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HIV-Research Branch, Kisumu, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the KICoS Study Team","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0956462414563625","unstructured":"Fox A. Marital sexual behavior and HIV risk across 16 African countries. In:\n                      Proceedings of the 141st APHA Annual Meeting and Expo\n                      , Boston, MA, 2\u20136 November 2013, Abstract # 289699, https:\/\/apha.confex.com\/apha\/141am\/webprogram\/Paper289699.html (accessed 5 December 2013)."},{"key":"bibr2-0956462414563625","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328333af03"},{"key":"bibr3-0956462414563625","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017842"},{"key":"bibr4-0956462414563625","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-010-9839-0"},{"key":"bibr5-0956462414563625","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-008-9433-x"},{"key":"bibr6-0956462414563625","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006470"},{"key":"bibr7-0956462414563625","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2989\/16085906.2013.815406"},{"key":"bibr8-0956462414563625","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2011.555744"},{"key":"bibr9-0956462414563625","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2012.0388"},{"key":"bibr10-0956462414563625","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-008-9458-1"},{"key":"bibr11-0956462414563625","first-page":"2428","volume":"18","author":"Gray R","year":"2004","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"bibr12-0956462414563625","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60312-2"},{"key":"bibr13-0956462414563625","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0020298"},{"key":"bibr14-0956462414563625","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328270388a"},{"key":"bibr15-0956462414563625","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/519432"},{"key":"bibr16-0956462414563625","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(11)70247-X"},{"key":"bibr17-0956462414563625","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2005.04.005"},{"key":"bibr18-0956462414563625","unstructured":"National AIDS and STI Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Kenya.\n                      AIDS indicator survey 2012: preliminary report\n                      . Nairobi, Kenya, September 2013."},{"key":"bibr19-0956462414563625","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa060247"},{"key":"bibr20-0956462414563625","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001015"},{"key":"bibr21-0956462414563625","first-page":"30","volume":"4","author":"Adler DH","year":"2012","journal-title":"J AIDS HIV Res"},{"key":"bibr22-0956462414563625","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31815d2f27"},{"key":"bibr23-0956462414563625","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.2636"},{"key":"bibr24-0956462414563625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mdodo R, Gust D, Otieno FO, et\u00a0al. Investigation of HIV incidence rates in a high-risk, high-prevalence Kenyan population potential lessons for intervention trials and programmatic strategies.\n                      J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care.\n                      Epub ahead of print 2013. 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