{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T18:40:48Z","timestamp":1788720048926,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,11]],"date-time":"2016-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468195200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Jamaica is home to over 10% of the Caribbean\u2019s HIV-positive population. Men who have sex with men (MSM) have a higher prevalence of HIV compared to the general public. Thus, the purpose of this study is to assess characteristics associated with HIV, such as condom use and number of sexual partners, comparing young, those aged 18\u201324, to older, aged 25 and older, MSM in Jamaica. We hypothesised, and found support for the notion, that younger MSM would have a lower rate of some risky behaviours associated with HIV seropositivity. Service data for 160 self-selected MSM aged 18\u201362, from Kingston, Jamaica were analysed. The majority identified as homosexual (compared to bisexual), over half of respondents completed a tertiary level of education (e.g. any post-high school training), and 59.1% were employed. Almost all participants reported agreeing to use a condom when requested (93.6%). Prevalence of HIV was 17.8%, much lower than the 32% found in national studies, and is likely an underestimation reflecting patterns of this self-selected sample. Additionally, over one-third reported experiencing sexual abuse. Statistically significant relationships were found between age group and tertiary education, employment status, condom use with a regular partner, and sexual abuse. Younger MSM were more likely to have been sexually abused and were more likely to always wear a condom with their regular partner. A limitation of this study was the extent of missing data, restricting generalisability. However, by acknowledging the heterogeneity of the Jamaican MSM population, and subsequently evaluating behaviours across age groups, nuances emerge which highlight behavioural diversity. Findings may inform public health practitioners in developing targeted interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462415594752","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,3]],"date-time":"2015-07-03T10:52:51Z","timestamp":1435920771000},"page":"769-775","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["A comparison of younger and older men who have sex with men using data from Jamaica AIDS Support for Life: characteristics associated with HIV status"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Henna","family":"Budhwani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristine R","family":"Hearld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Health Professions, Birmingham, AL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey","family":"Barrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of West Indies, Department of Medicine, Kingston, Jamaica"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne N","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kandasi","family":"Walton-Levermore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jamaica AIDS Support for Life, Kingston, Jamaica"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0956462415594752","unstructured":"UNAIDS. Fact Sheet: UNAIDS, http:\/\/www.unaids.org\/sites\/default\/files\/en\/media\/unaids\/contentassets\/documents\/factsheet\/2014\/20140716_FactSheet_en.pdf (2014, accessed 3 December 2014)."},{"key":"bibr2-0956462415594752","unstructured":"UNAIDS, Ministry of Health. Jamaica Country Progress Report: Global AIDS Response Progress Report 2014, http:\/\/www.unaids.org\/sites\/default\/files\/country\/documents\/JAM_narrative_report_2014.pdf (accessed 3 December 2014)."},{"key":"bibr3-0956462415594752","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-014-0199-7"},{"key":"bibr4-0956462415594752","volume-title":"Social and cultural determinants of HIV risk among young Jamaican men who have sex with men","author":"Harris OO","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr5-0956462415594752","unstructured":"Ministry of Health, National HIV\/STI Programme. HIV Epidemiological Profile Jamaica 2013."},{"key":"bibr6-0956462415594752","unstructured":"National Family Planning Board, United States Agency for International Development, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Reproductive Health Survey: Jamaica 2008, http:\/\/ghdx.healthdata.org\/record\/jamaica-reproductive-health-survey-2008-2009 (2008, accessed 3 December 2014)."},{"key":"bibr7-0956462415594752","unstructured":"Population Reference Bureau. The World\u2019s Youth Data Sheet Washington DC, http:\/\/www.prb.org\/pdf13\/youth-data-sheet-2013.pdf (2013, accessed 13 April 2015)."},{"key":"bibr8-0956462415594752","first-page":"292","volume":"62","author":"Allen CF","year":"2013","journal-title":"West Indian Med J"},{"key":"bibr9-0956462415594752","unstructured":"UNAIDS, Jamaica National HIV\/STI Program. Modes of HIV Transmission in Jamaica. Distribution of new HIV infections in Jamaica for 2012: recommendations for efficient resource allocation and prevention strategies, https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/2018057\/Modes_of_HIV_Transmission_in_Jamaica 2012 (accessed 13 April 2015)."},{"key":"bibr10-0956462415594752","first-page":"286","volume":"62","author":"Figueroa JP","year":"2013","journal-title":"West Indian Med J"},{"key":"bibr11-0956462415594752","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0117686"},{"key":"bibr12-0956462415594752","unstructured":"PAHO, WHO. Jamaica Country Cooperation Strategy 2010\u20132015, http:\/\/www.who.int\/countryfocus\/cooperation_strategy\/ccs_jam_en.pdf (2010, accessed 3 December 2014)."},{"key":"bibr13-0956462415594752","first-page":"562","volume":"57","author":"Figueroa JP","year":"2008","journal-title":"West Indian Med J"},{"key":"bibr14-0956462415594752","unstructured":"Kempadoo K and Taitt A. Gender, sexuality and implications for HIV\/AIDS in the Caribbean: a review of literature and programmes, http:\/\/www2.unwomen.org\/\u223c\/media\/field%20office%20caribbean\/attachments\/publications\/gender%20sexuality%20and%20hiv%20aids%20in%20the%20caribbean%20a%20literature%20review%20pdf.ashx?v=1&d=20141208T152312 (2006, accessed 3 December 2014)."},{"key":"bibr15-0956462415594752","first-page":"7","volume":"57","author":"Barrow C","year":"2008","journal-title":"Soc Econ Stud"},{"key":"bibr16-0956462415594752","unstructured":"Bombereau G and Allen C. Social and cultural factors driving the HIV epidemic in the Caribbean: a literature review: Caribbean Health Research Council, http:\/\/www.chrc-caribbean.org (2008, accessed 3 December 2014)."},{"key":"bibr17-0956462415594752","first-page":"210","volume-title":"The African-Caribbean worldview and the making of Caribbean Society","author":"Figueroa JP","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr18-0956462415594752","first-page":"232","volume-title":"Challenging HIV and AIDS: a new role for Caribbean education","author":"Plummer D","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr19-0956462415594752","first-page":"195","volume":"57","author":"Figueroa JP","year":"2008","journal-title":"West Indian Med J"},{"key":"bibr20-0956462415594752","unstructured":"Jamaica AIDS Support for Life. Jamaica AIDS Support for Life, http:\/\/jasforlife.org\/html\/ (2012, accessed 7 July 2014)."},{"key":"bibr21-0956462415594752","unstructured":"Ministry of Health. Summary of findings: surveys of men who have sex with men in Jamaica & women who exchange sex for money. Jamaica."},{"key":"bibr22-0956462415594752","first-page":"450","volume":"57","author":"Eldemire-Shearer D","year":"2008","journal-title":"West Indian Med J"},{"key":"bibr23-0956462415594752","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181c6e851","volume":"37","author":"Duncan J","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sexually Transm Dis"}],"container-title":["International Journal of STD &amp; AIDS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0956462415594752","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0956462415594752","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0956462415594752","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:35:19Z","timestamp":1777674919000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0956462415594752"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,11]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0956462415594752"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0956462415594752","relation":{},"ISSN":["0956-4624","1758-1052"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0956-4624","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1052","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,11]]}}}