{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:38:45Z","timestamp":1777927125470,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,11]],"date-time":"2016-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468195200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cervical cancer is the leading incident cancer and the main cause of cancer-related mortality among women in sub-Saharan Africa. Furthermore, HIV-infected women are at a higher risk of developing cervical cancer than HIV-negative women. The purpose of this study was to distinguish differences in characteristics of HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients with cervical cancer in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The HIV status of cervical cancer patients diagnosed and\/or treated at Ocean Road Cancer Institute in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, during the period 2007\u20132011 was abstracted from the medical records. Additional abstracted information included patient\u2019s name, age, place of residence, occupation, education, marital status, age at marriage, gravidity, and screening clinic visit results. Ocean Road Cancer Institute patients came from two sources: the screening clinic followed by treatment clinic or the treatment clinic without prior screening. HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients were compared regarding the above-listed clinical and epidemiologic factors. Multivariable analysis was also performed to assess the risk factors associated with cervical cancer treatment without prior screening at Ocean Road Cancer Institute. HIV-positive cervical cancer patients tended to be younger, with higher education and lower parity. Patients screened for cervical cancer prior to treatment were more likely to be HIV-positive (OR: 2.09, 95% CI: 1.36, 3.21), less likely to have higher disease stages (OR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.43, 0.94), and less likely to reside outside of Dar es Salaam (OR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.65). Screening for cervical cancer at Ocean Road Cancer Institute is utilised by more HIV-positive patients from Dar es Salaam. Future studies should focus on identifying the reasons for lower utilisation of screening by HIV-negative patients and patients from other distant rural regions in Tanzania.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462415606252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,13]],"date-time":"2015-10-13T20:54:41Z","timestamp":1444769681000},"page":"1049-1056","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Characteristics and geographic distribution of HIV-positive women diagnosed with cervical cancer in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Lovgren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amr S","family":"Soliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Twalib","family":"Ngoma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean Road Cancer Institute (ORCI), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Crispin","family":"Kahesa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean Road Cancer Institute (ORCI), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Meza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0956462415606252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aogh.2014.09.014"},{"key":"bibr2-0956462415606252","first-page":"240","volume":"2","author":"Nour N","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"bibr3-0956462415606252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-8080(08)32415-X"},{"key":"bibr4-0956462415606252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(07)01183-8","volume":"25","author":"Castellsagu\u00e9 X","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"bibr5-0956462415606252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.11719"},{"key":"bibr6-0956462415606252","first-page":"5: e005828","author":"Cunningham M","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"bibr7-0956462415606252","unstructured":"The United Republic of Tanzania: Tanzania Commission for AIDS.\n                      Current status of HIV AIDS\n                      . Available at: http:\/\/www.tacaids.go.tz\/index.php?option=com_content&view= article&id=139:current-status-of-hiv-and-aids&catid=31:hiv-and-aids-information-&Itemid=159 (accessed April 2015)."},{"key":"bibr8-0956462415606252","first-page":"8: 262","author":"Kahesa C","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"bibr9-0956462415606252","first-page":"163","volume":"11","author":"Obure J","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tanzan J Health Res"},{"key":"bibr10-0956462415606252","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\n                      Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) from Genital HPV Infection\u2009-\u2009Fact Sheet\n                      . Available at: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/hpv\/stdfact-hpv.htm (accessed April 2015)."},{"key":"bibr11-0956462415606252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramakrishnan S, Partricia S and Mathan G. Overview of high-risk HPVs 16 and 19 infected cervical cancer: pathogenesis to prevention.\n                      Biomed Pharmacother\n                      2015; 70: 103\u2013110.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2014.12.041"},{"key":"bibr12-0956462415606252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adler DH, Wallace M, Bennie T, et\u00a0al. Cervical dysplasia and high-risk human papillomavirus infections among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected adolescent females in South Africa.\n                      Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol\n                      2014; 2014: 498048.","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/498048"},{"key":"bibr13-0956462415606252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-521"},{"key":"bibr14-0956462415606252","unstructured":"World Health Organization.\n                      Prevention of cervical cancer through screening using visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and treament with cryotherapy\n                      . International Agency for Research on Cancer, African Population and Health Research Center. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO, 2012."},{"key":"bibr15-0956462415606252","first-page":"129: 62","author":"Adefuye P","year":"2015","journal-title":"Intl J of Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"bibr16-0956462415606252","first-page":"135: 896","author":"Dartell MA","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"bibr17-0956462415606252","first-page":"14: 910","author":"Gard AC","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"bibr18-0956462415606252","unstructured":"City Population.\n                      City Population: Population Statistics for Countries, Administrative Areas, Cities and Agglomerations \u2013 Interactive Maps and Charts, Tanzania: Administrative Division\n                      . Available at: http:\/\/www.citypopulation.de\/php\/tanzania-admin.php (accessed April 2015)."},{"key":"bibr19-0956462415606252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IGC.0b013e3182094d78"},{"key":"bibr20-0956462415606252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2004.12.003"},{"key":"bibr21-0956462415606252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462413491735"},{"key":"bibr22-0956462415606252","first-page":"7: 3","author":"Mwakigonja AR","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect Agent Cancer"},{"key":"bibr23-0956462415606252","first-page":"7: 489","author":"Hargreaves JR","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"bibr24-0956462415606252","first-page":"10: e0121775","author":"Hargreaves JR","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"bibr25-0956462415606252","first-page":"23: 1583","author":"Johnson LF","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"bibr26-0956462415606252","first-page":"27: 14","author":"Lakhanpal M","year":"2008","journal-title":"Econ Educ Rev"},{"key":"bibr27-0956462415606252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2013.07.010"},{"key":"bibr28-0956462415606252","first-page":"12: 1055","author":"Kahesa C","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"bibr29-0956462415606252","first-page":"8: e1001032","author":"Mwanahamuntu MH","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plos Med"},{"key":"bibr30-0956462415606252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maree JE and Moitse KA. Exploration of knowledge of cervical cancer and cervical cancer screening amongst HIV-positive women.\n                      Curationis\n                      2014; 37: 1\u20137.","DOI":"10.4102\/curationis.v37i1.1209"},{"key":"bibr31-0956462415606252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-9378-9-42"},{"key":"bibr32-0956462415606252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koski L, Ngoma T, Mwaiselage J, et\u00a0al. Changes in the pattern of Kaposi's Sarcoma at Ocean Road Cancer Institute in Tanzania (2006-2011).\n                      Int J STD AIDS\n                      2014; 26: 470\u2013478.","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462414544724"}],"container-title":["International Journal of STD &amp; AIDS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0956462415606252","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0956462415606252","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0956462415606252","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:35:31Z","timestamp":1777674931000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0956462415606252"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,11]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0956462415606252"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0956462415606252","relation":{},"ISSN":["0956-4624","1758-1052"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0956-4624","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1052","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,11]]}}}