{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:09:09Z","timestamp":1787018949548,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,11]],"date-time":"2016-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468195200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>External genital warts, caused by human papillomavirus, have a significant clinical, epidemiological, and financial impact, including the risk for malignant transformation. Treatment modalities include: (a) destructive (ablative); (b) cytotoxic (proapoptotic) and (c) immunomodulatory, with success and recurrence rates varying from 23% to 94% and from 4.1% to 77%, respectively. Most studies evaluated only single modality therapy, with few reports examining a combined approach for external genital warts management. The introduction of sinecatechins ointment in recent years has resulted in very low recurrence rates of 4.1\u201310.6%, despite lower initial clearance rates than ablative methods. We present a retrospective review of 27 patients who underwent combined therapy for external genital warts by using one or two sessions of cryodestruction combined with 25% podophyllin as the cytotoxic agent, and post-ablation immunomodulation with topical sinecatechins 15% ointment. This approach resulted in an excellent initial clearance rate of 96.3% with a recurrence rate of 7.4% after a total period of six months of follow-up. We suggest the importance of the combined approach in external genital warts management including post-ablative immunomodulation to augment the immune response and combat the residual latent infection. We hope to encourage trials examining the combined approach to the treatment of external genital warts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462415607375","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,24]],"date-time":"2015-09-24T22:52:48Z","timestamp":1443135168000},"page":"1071-1078","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Combined treatment of anogenital HPV infection with cryodestruction, podophyllin 25% and post-ablation immunomodulation with sinecatechins 15% ointment \u2013 a retrospective analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Mark E","family":"Juhl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, University of Illinois, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vernes","family":"Seferovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovative Dermatology, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sasha","family":"Antonijevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovative Dermatology, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandar","family":"Krunic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovative Dermatology, Chicago, IL, USA"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0956462415607375","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3111\/13696990903451461"},{"key":"bibr2-0956462415607375","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181719b60"},{"key":"bibr3-0956462415607375","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2008.08520.x"},{"key":"bibr4-0956462415607375","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09375.x"},{"key":"bibr5-0956462415607375","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2007.02441.x"},{"key":"bibr6-0956462415607375","unstructured":"Wolff K, Johnson RA and Saavedra AP. 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