{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T09:04:42Z","timestamp":1790240682705,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,11]],"date-time":"2016-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468195200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>With increased coverage of voluntary HIV counselling and testing (VCT) in Rwanda and a greater focus on repeat testing of key populations, it is important to understand whether the right clients are returning for repeat testing and if repeat testing is effective at reducing risk. We assessed the association between repeat testing and recent sexual risk behaviours among 1852 first time or repeat HIV testing clients in Kigali who had had sex, using data from a cross-sectional survey. Repeat testing was associated with being female, older and type of occupation. Multivariable analyses indicate that individuals who tested for HIV 1\u20132 times (aOR\u2009=\u20091.52, 95% CI: 1.08, 2.15) and 3+ times (aOR\u2009=\u20091.51, 95% CI: 1.06, 2.17) previously were more likely to report recent unprotected sex. Those with 3+ previous tests were more likely to have recently had multiple sexual partners (aOR\u2009=\u20092.19, 95% CI: 1.22, 3.92). However, a significant decrease in HIV prevalence is shown as individuals receive more HIV tests in their lifetime ( p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). These findings show that individuals who report high-risk behaviours are returning for repeat tests. However, VCT may not be successful at addressing certain sexual risk behaviours. Therefore more intensive counselling or additional HIV prevention services may be needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462415617590","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,14]],"date-time":"2015-11-14T20:09:28Z","timestamp":1447531768000},"page":"1317-1325","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Association of sexual risk behaviour with previous HIV testing among voluntary HIV counselling and testing clients in Kigali, Rwanda"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Randy","family":"Stalter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"FHI 360, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FHI 360, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glorieuse","family":"Uwizeye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FHI 360, Kigali, Rwanda"},{"name":"Human Resources for Health (HRH) Program, Ministry of Health, Kigali, Rwanda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elise","family":"Mutunge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of HIV\/AIDS, Disease Prevention and Control, Rwanda Biomedical Center, Kigali, Rwanda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Ahayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of HIV\/AIDS, Disease Prevention and Control, Rwanda Biomedical Center, Kigali, Rwanda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Placidie","family":"Mugwaneza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of HIV\/AIDS, Disease Prevention and Control, Rwanda Biomedical Center, Kigali, Rwanda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabienne","family":"Shumbusho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FHI 360, Kigali, Rwanda"},{"name":"Rwanda Healthcare Federation (RHF), Kigali, Rwanda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Wesson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FHI 360, Kigali, Rwanda"},{"name":"IntraHealth International, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0956462415617590","volume-title":"Consolidated guidelines on HIV testing services","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr2-0956462415617590","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02447-8"},{"key":"bibr3-0956462415617590","volume-title":"Rwanda demographic and health survey 2010","author":"National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR) [Rwanda], Ministry of Health (MOH) [Rwanda], International I","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr4-0956462415617590","unstructured":"TRAC-Plus. HIV, AIDS and STIs Unit, 2008 Annual Report. Kigali, 2008."},{"key":"bibr5-0956462415617590","unstructured":"Republic of Rwanda Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Center. Rwanda HIV and AIDS National Strategic Plan July 2013\u2013June 2018. Kigali, 2013."},{"key":"bibr6-0956462415617590","unstructured":"National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR) [Rwanda], Ministry of Health (MOH) [Rwanda], International I.\n                      Rwanda demographic and health survey 2014-2015 key indicators\n                      . 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