{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:38:58Z","timestamp":1777927138927,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,10]],"date-time":"2016-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468108800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are among the most common sexually transmitted bacterial infections in the world. Data are limited, however, on the burden of extra-genital chlamydial and gonococcal infections among men who have sex with men and transgender women in Lima, Peru. Data were gathered from self-collected anal or pharyngeal swabs from participants in Lima, Peru, and analyzed via cross-sectional methods. Prevalence ratios for the association between extra-genital infection with socio-demographic and sexual behaviors were determined. Overall, 127 (32.8%) participants had anal or pharyngeal infections. On multivariate modeling, anal infection was positively associated with practicing both receptive and insertive anal sex, when compared to insertive alone (PR\u2009=\u20092.49; 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.32\u20134.71), and negatively associated with any antibiotic use in the prior three months (PR\u2009=\u20090.60; 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.39\u20130.91). Pharyngeal infection was negatively associated with age greater than 30 years compared to 18\u201330 years (PR\u2009=\u20090.54; 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.30\u20130.96), and positively associated with gender identity of transgender women (PR\u2009=\u20092.12; 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.20\u20133.73). This study demonstrates considerable burden of extra-genital chlamydial and gonococcal infections among men who have sex with men and transgender women in Lima, Peru.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462416630909","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,4]],"date-time":"2016-02-04T20:33:30Z","timestamp":1454618010000},"page":"138-144","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["High prevalence of extra-genital chlamydial or gonococcal infections among men who have sex with men and transgender women in Lima, Peru"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Lao-Tzu","family":"Allan-Blitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Segundo R","family":"Leon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Sexual Health, Unit of Health, Sexuality and Human Development, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru"},{"name":"Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claire C","family":"Bristow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelika A","family":"Konda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silver K","family":"Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Sexual Health, Unit of Health, Sexuality and Human Development, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan A","family":"Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Sexual Health, Unit of Health, Sexuality and Human Development, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brandon J","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Sciences, Center for Healthy Communities, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos F","family":"Caceres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Sexual Health, Unit of Health, Sexuality and Human Development, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey D","family":"Klausner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0956462416630909","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143304"},{"key":"bibr2-0956462416630909","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059072"},{"key":"bibr3-0956462416630909","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-008245"},{"key":"bibr4-0956462416630909","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu184"},{"key":"bibr5-0956462416630909","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31818eb923"},{"key":"bibr6-0956462416630909","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-426"},{"key":"bibr7-0956462416630909","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2006.0051"},{"key":"bibr8-0956462416630909","unstructured":"Ministerio de Salud.\n                      Direcci\u00f3n General de Salud de las Personas Estrategia Sanitaria Nacional Prevenceon y Control de Infecciones de Transmissi\u00f4n Sexual y VIH- SIDA \u2013 Gu\u00eda Nacional de Manejo de Infecciones de Transmissi\u00f3n Sexual\n                      . 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