{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:39:12Z","timestamp":1777927152274,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,10]],"date-time":"2016-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468108800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A 30-year-old man was admitted to hospital after complaining of a retrosternal burning pain, radiating to the jugular region, and to both upper limbs. An electrocardiography examination showed a ST segment elevation involving the lower-lateral leads. A trans-thoracic ultrasonography showed findings compatible with an acute myopericarditis. All performed serological testings excluded other recent infections with cardiac tropism. Among screening tests, a peripheral lymphocyte subset analysis was performed and an inversion of the CD4\/CD8 ratio was found. Therefore, HIV testing was performed and proved positive for HIV-1 antibodies. The discovery of a primary HIV infection with involvement of a vital organ led us to start HAART. On day 20, our patient underwent a right heart catheterization and endomyocardial biopsy. During the following days, the clinical conditions of our patient improved, and a further heart ultrasonography documented a mild pericardial thickening as a result of the recent myopericarditis. Also the evolving changes of ECG were compatible with a benign evolution of myopericarditis. The histopathologic studies revealed a mild fibrosis of the myocardial right ventricular tissue, and inflammatory findings compatible with a recent myocarditis. At the real-time PCR analysis on bioptic sample, only HHV6 DNA and HIV-DNA were reactive. An immunofluorescence staining was performed to highlight the HIV p24 protein and a positive signal was detected in myocardial tissue. Considering the low avidity level of the anti-HIV IgG antibodies and the positivity of HIV-DNA in the endomyocardial tissue, we believe that the clinical manifestation presented can be referred to the recent primary HIV-infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462416654852","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,6]],"date-time":"2016-06-06T22:33:37Z","timestamp":1465252417000},"page":"199-201","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Acute onset myopericarditis as unusual presentation of primary HIV infection"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Giacomo","family":"Vandi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences and Surgery, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Bologna, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Calza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences and Surgery, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Bologna, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicol\u00f2","family":"Girometti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences and Surgery, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Bologna, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Manfredi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences and Surgery, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Bologna, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppina","family":"Musumeci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Microbiology, University of Bologna, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabella","family":"Bon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Microbiology, University of Bologna, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Carla","family":"Re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Microbiology, University of Bologna, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0956462416654852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/21.2.451"},{"key":"bibr2-0956462416654852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01662723"},{"key":"bibr3-0956462416654852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17843286.1999.11754236"},{"key":"bibr4-0956462416654852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03911.x"},{"key":"bibr5-0956462416654852","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1157\/13119965","volume":"130","author":"Sanchez Marteles M","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med Clin (Barc)"},{"key":"bibr6-0956462416654852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.09.010"},{"key":"bibr7-0956462416654852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2009.009391"},{"key":"bibr8-0956462416654852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(85)80397-1"},{"key":"bibr9-0956462416654852","first-page":"231","volume":"14","author":"Magula NP","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cardiovasc J S Afr"},{"key":"bibr10-0956462416654852","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.13.001414"},{"key":"bibr11-0956462416654852","first-page":"407","volume":"35","author":"Re MC","year":"2012","journal-title":"New Microbiol"}],"container-title":["International Journal of STD &amp; 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