{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:39:19Z","timestamp":1777927159411,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,31]],"date-time":"2016-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472601600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are major health threats affecting people globally; however, the burden of STIs is greatest in low-income countries. Since they are physiologically more vulnerable, women are mostly affected. The risk is increased dramatically during pregnancy leading to serious health complications that may affect the newborn. Underprivileged pregnant women attending antenatal clinics for routine checkups in displaced camps, a women's prison and several peripheral health centres were clinically and laboratory screened for trichomoniasis, chlamydial infections, gonorrhea and syphilis. A total of 426 women with an age range of 14-45 years were included. Clinical data, blood, cervical and vaginal swabs were collected. Conventional bacteriological and serological methods were applied. All attendees were HIV1\/2-negative. The prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Treponema pallidum infections was found to be 7.8%, 4.9%, 0% and 5%, respectively. Although vaginal discharge, among other symptoms, is known to be the most significant indicator for STIs, our identified positive predictive value was only 14.1%. We conclude that use of syndromic approach for diagnosing and treating attendees of antenatal settings is of low clinical value and many easily curable STIs will be overlooked. Consequently, trichomoniasis, chlamydial infection and syphilis prevailed widely among this population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462416668080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,31]],"date-time":"2016-08-31T22:08:27Z","timestamp":1472681307000},"page":"781-787","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Sexually transmitted infections other than HIV\/AIDS among women of low socio-economic class attending antenatal clinics in Khartoum, Sudan"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Nada A","family":"Abdelrahim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Sudan Medical and Scientific Research Institute, University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiba I","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Sudan Medical and Scientific Research Institute, University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Imad M","family":"Fadl-Elmula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Sudan Medical and Scientific Research Institute, University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magdi A","family":"Bayoumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Sudan Medical and Scientific Research Institute, University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mamoun M","family":"Homeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sudan Medical and Scientific Research Institute, University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0956462416668080","unstructured":"World Health Organization, Department of Reproductive Health and Research.\n                      Sexually transmitted infections (STIs): the importance of a renewed commitment to STI prevention and control in achieving global sexual and reproductive health.\n                      Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2013."},{"key":"bibr2-0956462416668080","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01443610410001722536"},{"key":"bibr3-0956462416668080","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/2000-1967-179"},{"key":"bibr4-0956462416668080","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2002.004077"},{"key":"bibr5-0956462416668080","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(75)90477-9"},{"key":"bibr6-0956462416668080","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.78.suppl_1.i14"},{"key":"bibr7-0956462416668080","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-3552(05)80124-5"},{"key":"bibr8-0956462416668080","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/004947550203200126"},{"key":"bibr9-0956462416668080","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.78.2.143"},{"key":"bibr10-0956462416668080","volume-title":"Turning research into practice suggested actions from case-studies of sexual and reproductive health research","author":"Mbizvo M","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr11-0956462416668080","volume-title":"Practical medical microbiology","author":"Mackie JT","year":"1996","edition":"14"},{"key":"bibr12-0956462416668080","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2008.008510"},{"key":"bibr13-0956462416668080","unstructured":"Sudan Central Bureau of Statistics.\n                      Sudan national baseline household survey 2009. North Sudan-tabulation report\n                      . CBS\/NBHS 2009 Statistical Report No. 3\/2010. Sudan: Sudan Central Bureau of Statistics, 2010."},{"key":"bibr14-0956462416668080","unstructured":"Sudan National AIDS and STI Control Program (SNAP).\n                      Global AIDS response progress reporting 2012\u20132013\n                      . Sudan: Federal Ministry of Health, SNAP, 2014."},{"key":"bibr15-0956462416668080","unstructured":"Sudan National AIDS program (SNAP).\n                      Situation analysis, behavioural and epidemiological surveys and response analysis\n                      . Sudan: Federal Ministry of Health, SNAP, 2002."},{"key":"bibr16-0956462416668080","unstructured":"UNAIDS report on the global AIDS epidemic, http:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/dataanalysis\/datatools\/aidsinfo\/ (2011, accessed 21 August 2016)."},{"key":"bibr17-0956462416668080","first-page":"321","volume":"134","author":"Hill LV","year":"1986","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"bibr18-0956462416668080","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2002\/954837"},{"key":"bibr19-0956462416668080","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2002.tb04554.x"},{"key":"bibr20-0956462416668080","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.78.suppl_1.i14"},{"key":"bibr21-0956462416668080","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143304"},{"key":"bibr22-0956462416668080","first-page":"363","volume":"95","author":"Funnye AS","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"key":"bibr23-0956462416668080","first-page":"235","volume":"10","author":"Bingham JS","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Dermatovenerol Croat"},{"key":"bibr24-0956462416668080","first-page":"1295","volume":"25","author":"Ahmed AA","year":"2004","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"}],"container-title":["International Journal of STD &amp; AIDS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0956462416668080","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0956462416668080","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0956462416668080","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:36:29Z","timestamp":1777674989000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0956462416668080"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,31]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0956462416668080"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0956462416668080","relation":{},"ISSN":["0956-4624","1758-1052"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0956-4624","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1052","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,31]]}}}