{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:39:42Z","timestamp":1777927182594,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,11]],"date-time":"2017-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491868800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This is the first in a series of articles reviewing four viral infections, Ebola virus, Zika virus, human T-cell lymphotropic virus, type 1 and hepatitis C virus, with an emphasis on recent advances in our understanding of their sexual transmission. With current day speed and ease of travel it is important for staff in sexual healthcare services to know and understand these infections when patients present to them and also to be able to advise those travelling to endemic regions. Following the recent resurgence in West Africa, this first article looks at Ebola virus disease (EVD). EVD has a high mortality rate and, of note, has been detected in the semen of those who have cleared the virus from their blood and have clinically recovered from the disease. As the result of emerging data, the WHO now recommends safe sex practices for all male survivors of EVD for 12 months after the onset of the disease or after having had two consecutive negative tests of semen specimens for the virus. This review provides an up-to-date summary of what is currently known about EVD and its implications for sexual health practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462417703572","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,12]],"date-time":"2017-04-12T01:36:03Z","timestamp":1491960963000},"page":"1352-1359","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Emerging sexually transmitted viral infections: 1. Review of Ebola virus disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Rachel J","family":"Caswell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of HIV and Genitourinary Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaveh","family":"Manavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of HIV and Genitourinary Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0956462417703572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1410741"},{"key":"bibr2-0956462417703572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0911.030339"},{"key":"bibr3-0956462417703572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2107.150253"},{"key":"bibr4-0956462417703572","first-page":"227","volume":"76","author":"Johnson E","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int J Exp Pathol"},{"key":"bibr5-0956462417703572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.05.002"},{"key":"bibr6-0956462417703572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2015.01.008"},{"key":"bibr7-0956462417703572","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Ebola situation report\u201430 March 2016, http:\/\/apps.who.int\/ebola\/current-situation\/ebola-situation-report-30-march-2016 (accessed 1 October 2016)."},{"key":"bibr8-0956462417703572","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WHO Ebola Response Team. Ebola virus disease in West Africa\u2014the first 9 months of the epidemic and forward projections.\n                      N Engl J Med\n                      2014; 371: 1481\u20131495.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1411100"},{"key":"bibr9-0956462417703572","first-page":"1","volume":"63","author":"Meltzer MI","year":"2014","journal-title":"MMWR Suppl"},{"key":"bibr10-0956462417703572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1259657"},{"key":"bibr11-0956462417703572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/514318"},{"key":"bibr12-0956462417703572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009126"},{"key":"bibr13-0956462417703572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.290.6471.808"},{"key":"bibr14-0956462417703572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01979-16"},{"key":"bibr15-0956462417703572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1504874"},{"key":"bibr16-0956462417703572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.8.4330-4341.2004"},{"key":"bibr17-0956462417703572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00003-16"},{"key":"bibr18-0956462417703572","unstructured":"Centres for disease control and prevention Ebola virus treatment, http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vhf\/Ebola\/treatment\/ (accessed 2 October 2016)."},{"key":"bibr19-0956462417703572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1411680"},{"key":"bibr20-0956462417703572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv187"},{"key":"bibr21-0956462417703572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1604330"},{"key":"bibr22-0956462417703572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1511812"},{"key":"bibr23-0956462417703572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1609116"},{"key":"bibr24-0956462417703572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1602284"},{"key":"bibr25-0956462417703572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17180"},{"key":"bibr26-0956462417703572","unstructured":"GS-5734 to assess the antiviral activity, longer-term clearance of Ebola Virus, and safety in male ebola survivors with evidence of Ebola virus persistence in semen. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT02818582 (accessed 29 January 2017)."},{"key":"bibr27-0956462417703572","author":"Dornemann J","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"bibr28-0956462417703572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)61117-5"},{"key":"bibr29-0956462417703572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32621-6"},{"key":"bibr30-0956462417703572","unstructured":"WHO. Ebola virus disease. Updated January 2016, http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs103\/en\/ (accessed 2 October 2016)."},{"key":"bibr31-0956462417703572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00144-9"},{"key":"bibr32-0956462417703572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw725"},{"key":"bibr33-0956462417703572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1507.090402"},{"key":"bibr34-0956462417703572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00489-2"},{"key":"bibr35-0956462417703572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)70152-0"},{"key":"bibr36-0956462417703572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)00077-3"},{"key":"bibr37-0956462417703572","author":"Etard JF","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"bibr38-0956462417703572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw158"},{"key":"bibr39-0956462417703572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2204.151302"},{"key":"bibr40-0956462417703572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1500306"},{"key":"bibr41-0956462417703572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/514291"},{"key":"bibr42-0956462417703572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/520545"},{"key":"bibr43-0956462417703572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1411677"},{"key":"bibr44-0956462417703572","author":"Deen GF","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"bibr45-0956462417703572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1503275"},{"key":"bibr46-0956462417703572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2015.189"},{"key":"bibr47-0956462417703572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30386-5"},{"key":"bibr48-0956462417703572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/527453a"},{"key":"bibr49-0956462417703572","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. Ebola surivivors clinic opens in Monrovia. http:\/\/www.who.int\/features\/2015\/ebola-survivors-clinic\/en\/ (accessed 27 January 2017)."},{"key":"bibr50-0956462417703572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2015.12.011"},{"key":"bibr51-0956462417703572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw254"},{"key":"bibr52-0956462417703572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw601"},{"key":"bibr53-0956462417703572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(16)30175-9"},{"key":"bibr54-0956462417703572","first-page":"479","volume":"64","author":"Christie A","year":"2015","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"bibr55-0956462417703572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1509773"},{"key":"bibr56-0956462417703572","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. Emergencies preparedness, response. Frequently asked questions on Ebola Virus. http:\/\/www.who.int\/csr\/disease\/ebola\/faq-ebola\/en\/ (accessed 28 January 2017)."},{"key":"bibr57-0956462417703572","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6536a5"},{"key":"bibr58-0956462417703572","first-page":"344","volume":"215","author":"Loftis AJ","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["International Journal of STD &amp; AIDS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0956462417703572","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0956462417703572","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0956462417703572","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:37:09Z","timestamp":1777675029000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0956462417703572"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,11]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0956462417703572"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0956462417703572","relation":{},"ISSN":["0956-4624","1758-1052"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0956-4624","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1052","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,11]]}}}