{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:39:45Z","timestamp":1777927185764,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,12]],"date-time":"2017-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1494547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Our objectives were to examine trends in the incidence of chlamydia over an extended period and compare the epidemiology of the infection between two distinct ethnic groups in Israel: Jews and Arabs. We examined the incidence rate of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among residents of Haifa District, northern Israel from 2001 to 2015, by reviewing archives of the Department of Epidemiology, Ministry of Health. Notified cases were stratified by age group, gender, and ethnic group. The overall incidence rate of Chlamydia was 10.8 cases per 100,000 population per year. The annual rate increased dramatically from 5.1 per 100,000 population in 2001, to an all-time high of 18.5 cases per 100,000 population in 2015 (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), representing an increase of 362.7%. The most affected age group was 25\u201334 years of age. The estimated rate among Jewish inhabitants was ninefold higher than among Arabs. Only 3% recurrent episodes of Chlamydia were registered. The prevalence of HIV positivity among Chlamydia-infected patients was similar to that of the general population. In conclusion, Chlamydia in Haifa has been continuously increasing since 2001 and the infection is much more prevalent among patients of Jewish ethnicity, mainly due to more hazardous sexual practices in this population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462417706857","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,12]],"date-time":"2017-05-12T06:05:44Z","timestamp":1494569144000},"page":"1389-1396","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Striking ethnic variations in the epidemiology of\n                    <i>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/i>\n                    in Haifa District, Israel, throughout the years 2001\u20132015"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Khalaf","family":"Kridin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mogher","family":"Khamaisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Internal Medicine D, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel"},{"name":"Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shmuel","family":"Rishpon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haifa District Office, Ministry of Health, Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rami","family":"Grifat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haifa District Office, Ministry of Health, Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0956462417706857","unstructured":"Ministry of Health, State of Israel (2010) Notifiable Infectious Disease in Israel: 60 Years of Surveillance, 1951\u20132010, http:\/\/www.health.gov.il\/publicationsfiles\/disease1951_2010.pdf (accessed 3 March 2016)."},{"key":"bibr2-0956462417706857","unstructured":"Community Acquired Infections Division, Public Health Agency of Canada. Report on sexually transmitted infections in Canada: 2008, http:\/\/www.phac-Aspc.gc.ca\/std-Mts\/report\/sti-its2008\/03-Eng.php (2010, accessed 2 March 2014)."},{"key":"bibr3-0956462417706857","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Chlamydia \u2013 a CDC Fact Sheet, http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/Chlamydia\/stdfact-Chlamydia.htm (accessed 2 March 2016)."},{"key":"bibr4-0956462417706857","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e318285c6d2"},{"key":"bibr5-0956462417706857","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199301000-00015"},{"key":"bibr6-0956462417706857","unstructured":"Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics Data for 2014, www.cbs.gov.il (accessed 2 March 2016)."},{"key":"bibr7-0956462417706857","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0910.030100"},{"key":"bibr8-0956462417706857","first-page":"37","volume":"9","author":"Sheiner E","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Wieku Rozwoj"},{"key":"bibr9-0956462417706857","unstructured":"STD Surveillance, 2008, http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/stats08\/ (accessed 9 March 2016)."},{"key":"bibr10-0956462417706857","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17269\/cjph.105.4137"},{"key":"bibr11-0956462417706857","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/323662"},{"key":"bibr12-0956462417706857","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-51-12-1021"},{"key":"bibr13-0956462417706857","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/SH05050"},{"key":"bibr14-0956462417706857","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181b12765"},{"key":"bibr15-0956462417706857","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31818653b0"},{"key":"bibr16-0956462417706857","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31816b3219"},{"key":"bibr17-0956462417706857","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/esm.12.10.00741-en"},{"key":"bibr18-0956462417706857","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31813e0c26"},{"key":"bibr19-0956462417706857","unstructured":"Smittskyddsinstitutet [Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control]. Epidemiologisk Arsrapport 2005."},{"key":"bibr20-0956462417706857","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2004.011882"},{"key":"bibr21-0956462417706857","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.12.1488"},{"key":"bibr22-0956462417706857","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/652400"},{"key":"bibr23-0956462417706857","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/648734"},{"key":"bibr24-0956462417706857","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lim MS, Bowring AL, Gold J, et al. Trends in sexual behavior, testing, and knowledge in young people; 2006\u20132011.\n                      Sex Transm Dis\n                      2012; 39: 831\u2013834.","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3182663f27"},{"key":"bibr25-0956462417706857","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-842X.2003.tb00807.x"},{"key":"bibr26-0956462417706857","volume-title":"Sexually transmitted disease surveillance, 2012","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr27-0956462417706857","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services. Indian Health Surveillance Report: Sexually Transmitted Diseases 2011, http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/stats\/IHS\/IHS-Surv-Report-2011_062314.pdf (June 2014, accessed 3 March 2016)."},{"key":"bibr28-0956462417706857","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024012229984"},{"key":"bibr29-0956462417706857","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31817247b2"},{"key":"bibr30-0956462417706857","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31815c11fe"},{"key":"bibr31-0956462417706857","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-145-8-200610170-00005"}],"container-title":["International Journal of STD &amp; AIDS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0956462417706857","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0956462417706857","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0956462417706857","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:37:12Z","timestamp":1777675032000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0956462417706857"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,12]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0956462417706857"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0956462417706857","relation":{},"ISSN":["0956-4624","1758-1052"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0956-4624","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1052","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,12]]}}}