{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:39:54Z","timestamp":1777927194184,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,3]],"date-time":"2017-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501718400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Ukraine has the second largest HIV epidemic in Eastern Europe\/Central Asia. This study characterizes the demographics of HIV-infected women in the Lviv region of western Ukraine, patterns in their clinical presentation, and factors associated with delays in seeking care. A retrospective chart review was conducted of 622 HIV-infected women who registered for HIV treatment at the Lviv AIDS Center between 2008 and 2013. A total of 81.6% of women were infected through heterosexual transmission and the remaining 18.4% through intravenous drug use. Slightly less than half (45.4%) was between 26 and 35 years old. Slightly more than half (56.7%) listed their residence in a city, 22.6% in villages. One-third (30.0%) of all women presented with AIDS, and 37.7% presented with symptomatic conditions. Women diagnosed with HIV during antenatal care experienced a median delay of 34 days between diagnosis and registration, compared to 87.5 days for nonpregnant women tested in the context of intravenous drug use. Overall, HIV-infected women in western Ukraine experience time delays in care, and often present with advanced HIV disease and secondary complications. Linkage to care in a timely manner is a high priority and substantial challenge for women, particularly for intravenous drug users who may face stigma and other additional barriers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462417724708","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,3]],"date-time":"2017-08-03T08:55:55Z","timestamp":1501750555000},"page":"318-323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The changing face of women living with HIV in western Ukraine"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Divya","family":"Dethier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"Rybak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Priya","family":"Hirway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariya","family":"Bachmaha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Carroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andriy","family":"Sorokolit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lviv Regional AIDS Centre, Lviv, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Flanigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maryana","family":"Sluzhynska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lviv Regional AIDS Centre, Lviv, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0956462417724708","unstructured":"State Institution \u201cUkrainian Center for Socially Dangerous Disease Control of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine\u201d and State Institution \u201cL.V. Gromashevsky Institute of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine.\u201d HIV Infection in Ukraine: Information Bulletin No. 45. Kyiv: Ministry of Health, 2016."},{"key":"bibr2-0956462417724708","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0103657"},{"key":"bibr3-0956462417724708","unstructured":"Thorne C, Malyuta R, Ferencic N, et\u00a0al. Towards the elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in low-prevalence and concentrated epidemic settings in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. London, UK\/Geneva, Switzerland\/Copenhagen, Denmark: WHO Europe\/UNICEF, 2011."},{"key":"bibr4-0956462417724708","unstructured":"Avaliani N, Kuzin I, Martsinovskaya V, et\u00a0al. Ukraine core HIV patient pathways: assessing HIV patient pathway and drop-out trends in Ukraine\u2019s healthcare system. Poster presented at the 8th International AIDS Society Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention (IAS2015), Vancouver, Canada, 19\u201322 July 2015. Available at: http:\/\/www.hivreforminaction.org\/eng\/uncategorized\/hivria-project-presented-a-patient-pathways-poster-at-ias2015\/ (accessed 22 July 2017)."},{"key":"bibr5-0956462417724708","unstructured":"Ministry of Health, Ukraine. Report. Kyiv, 2015, http:\/\/phc.org.ua\/uploads\/files\/Nakaz887%20%281%29%281%29.pdf (accessed 22 July 2017)."},{"key":"bibr6-0956462417724708","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000660"},{"key":"bibr7-0956462417724708","unstructured":"World Health Organization. HIV\/AIDS treatment and care in Ukraine. Copenhagen, Denmark: WHO, 2013."},{"key":"bibr8-0956462417724708","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genm.2009.04.009"},{"key":"bibr9-0956462417724708","unstructured":"Elo O. Final results of comprehensive external evaluation of the national response to AIDS. In: Stakeholders meeting. Ministry of Health of Ukraine, 23 July 2008."},{"key":"bibr10-0956462417724708","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.02.012"},{"key":"bibr11-0956462417724708","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0137062"},{"key":"bibr12-0956462417724708","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-8603-7-22"},{"key":"bibr13-0956462417724708","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Ukraine. Clinical Protocol, 2004, http:\/\/aph.org.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/arv-adult.pdf (accessed 22 July 2017)."},{"key":"bibr14-0956462417724708","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325957416686194"},{"key":"bibr15-0956462417724708","unstructured":"Demchenko I, Sosidko T, Kostyuchok M, et\u00a0al. The people living with HIV Stigma Index: analytical report based on research findings. Ukraine: Kyiv, 2011."},{"key":"bibr16-0956462417724708","unstructured":"Demchenko I, Artiukh O, Sosidko T, et\u00a0al. The people living with HIV stigma index: analytical report. Ukraine: Kyiv, 2014."},{"key":"bibr17-0956462417724708","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2009.02881.x"},{"key":"bibr18-0956462417724708","unstructured":"Drug Policy Alliance. Drug policy and health in Ukraine, 2002, https:\/\/www.drugpolicy.org\/docUploads\/UKRAINE.pdf (accessed 22 July 2017)."},{"key":"bibr19-0956462417724708","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.01.008"},{"key":"bibr20-0956462417724708","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-9-S1-P117"},{"key":"bibr21-0956462417724708","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198115602665"},{"key":"bibr22-0956462417724708","unstructured":"UNAIDS. 90-90-90: An ambitious treatment target to help end the AIDS epidemic. 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