{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T21:56:40Z","timestamp":1787695000070,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,11]],"date-time":"2017-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502409600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R21HD084274-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R21HD084274-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>There is a lack of evidence on the burden of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) among HIV-infected pregnant women in South Africa. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of HIV-infected pregnant women in two healthcare facilities in a South African township to determine the prevalence of CT, NG and TV. HIV-infected pregnant women were recruited during the first antenatal care visit for their current pregnancy and requested to self-collect vulvovaginal swab specimens. Specimens were tested for CT, NG and TV using the Xpert\u00ae assay (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA). Of 247 tested for CT, NG and TV, 47.8% tested positive for at least one organism; CT\u2009=\u200936.8%, TV\u2009=\u200923.9%, NG\u2009=\u20096.9%. Forty three (17.4%) had multiple infections, of which 42 included CT as one of the infecting organisms. Of the 118 participants who tested positive for at least one sexually transmitted infection (STI), 23.7% reported STI-like symptoms. Among women who tested positive for CT, 29.7% reported symptoms while 47.1 and 27.1% of those who tested positive for NG and TV, respectively, reported symptoms. The high STI prevalence coupled with the low symptom prevalence among infected individuals justifies the use of diagnostic screening approaches rather than syndromic management of STIs in this setting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462417724908","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,11]],"date-time":"2017-08-11T08:48:52Z","timestamp":1502441332000},"page":"324-333","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["High prevalence of asymptomatic sexually transmitted infections among human immunodeficiency virus-infected pregnant women in a low-income South African community"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0697-2460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maanda","family":"Mudau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit, Foundation for Professional Development, Pretoria, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Remco P","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anova Health Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsey","family":"De Vos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit, Foundation for Professional Development, Pretoria, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7654-1434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dawie H","family":"Olivier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit, Foundation for Professional Development, Pretoria, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dvora","family":"J Davey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"},{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edwin S","family":"Mkwanazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit, Foundation for Professional Development, Pretoria, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James A","family":"McIntyre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anova Health Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa"},{"name":"School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey D","family":"Klausner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Medina-Marino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit, Foundation for Professional Development, Pretoria, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0956462417724908","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143304"},{"key":"bibr2-0956462417724908","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199219020-00001"},{"key":"bibr3-0956462417724908","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051601"},{"key":"bibr4-0956462417724908","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)90002-2"},{"key":"bibr5-0956462417724908","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/513820"},{"key":"bibr6-0956462417724908","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/9315757"},{"key":"bibr7-0956462417724908","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e3282f3e6a5"},{"key":"bibr8-0956462417724908","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000001199"},{"key":"bibr9-0956462417724908","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000340"},{"key":"bibr10-0956462417724908","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200106150-00011"},{"key":"bibr11-0956462417724908","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462416660483"},{"key":"bibr12-0956462417724908","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2008.032011"},{"key":"bibr13-0956462417724908","first-page":"CD001220","volume":"2","author":"Sangani P","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"bibr14-0956462417724908","unstructured":"Department of Health, Republic of South Africa.\n                      Sexually transmitted infections management guidelines 2015\n                      . 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