{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T23:29:50Z","timestamp":1784849390931,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,4]],"date-time":"2017-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512345600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001342","name":"Department of Science and Technology, Republic of South Africa","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DST\/CON 0260\/2012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DST\/CON 0260\/2012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001342","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001713","name":"European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SP\u00b72011\u00b741304\u00b7038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SP\u00b72011\u00b741304\u00b7038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001713","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Adolescents in Africa are at high risk for HIV infection, other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and bacterial vaginosis (BV). Since behavior and burden of STIs\/BV may influence HIV risk, behavioral risk factors and prevalence of STIs\/BV were compared in HIV-seronegative adolescent females (n\u2009=\u2009298; 16\u201322 years) from two South African communities (Soweto and Cape Town). STIs ( Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma genitalium, herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1, HSV-2, Treponema pallidum, and Haemophilus ducreyi) were detected by multiplex polymerase chain reaction, human papillomavirus (HPV) by Roche Linear Array, and BV by Nugent scoring. Rates of BV (Nugent \u22657; 46.6%) and HPV (66.8%) were high in both communities. Prevalence of C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae were &gt;2-fold higher in Cape Town than Soweto (Chlamydia: 42% [62\/149] versus 18% [26\/148], p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001; gonorrhoea 11% [17\/149] versus 5% [7\/148], p\u2009=\u20090.05). Only 24% of adolescents with vaginal discharge-causing STIs or BV were symptomatic. In South African adolescents, clinical symptoms compatible with vaginal discharge syndrome had a sensitivity of 23% and specificity of 85% for the diagnosis of discharge-causing STI or BV. In a region with high HIV prevalence and incidence, &gt;70% of young women with treatable conditions that could enhance HIV risk would have been missed because they lacked symptoms associated with syndromic management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462417740487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,4]],"date-time":"2017-12-04T03:43:34Z","timestamp":1512359014000},"page":"531-539","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Converging epidemics of sexually transmitted infections and bacterial vaginosis in southern African female adolescents at risk of HIV"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Shaun L","family":"Barnabas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"},{"name":"Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South 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Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Western Sydney Sexual Health Centre, Western Sydney Local Health District, Parramatta, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology & Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Disease, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shameem Z","family":"Jaumdally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"},{"name":"DST-NRF CAPRISA Centre of Excellence in HIV Prevention, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South 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USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Chiodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janan","family":"Dietrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Diepkloof, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glenda","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Diepkloof, Johannesburg, South Africa"},{"name":"South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda-Gail","family":"Bekker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, 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