{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:40:21Z","timestamp":1777927221563,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,26]],"date-time":"2018-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519603200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to identify factors associated with repeat syphilis infection in North East England, in order to inform local prevention and control opportunities. We undertook a case\u2013case study comparing individuals diagnosed with single or multiple episodes of syphilis infection within genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics in NE England (12 clinics serving a population of 2.5 million). Study cases were verified as having had true re-infection by a GUM clinician (using serological and\/or clinical parameters) and control cases (3 per case) frequency matched to cases by age and year of presentation. The odds of exposure to sexual behavioural and clinical factors were compared for cases and control cases using stepwise multivariable logistic regression. We included 66 cases and 235 control cases. The majority of cases (62\/66) and control cases (165\/235) were men who had sex with men (MSM). Data were missing for 0\u201364% of cases across different variables. Following multivariable analysis HIV seropositivity (OR 23.3, 95% CI 4.32\u2013125.9), failure to attend follow-up (OR 4.63, 95% CI 1.11\u201319.31), stage of infection and deprivation were associated with re-infection ( p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). In this study, HIV seropositivity and failure to attend follow-up were associated with re-infection with syphilis. Actions targeted at these groups may help to reduce ongoing transmission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462418757554","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,26]],"date-time":"2018-02-26T23:36:27Z","timestamp":1519688187000},"page":"790-799","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Factors associated with repeat diagnosis of syphilis in genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinic attendees in the North East of England, 2002\u20132014"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"G","family":"Dolan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIET Associate Programme, Public Health England, UK FETP, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK"},{"name":"Public Health England, North East Centre, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Chauhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genitourinary Medicine, Newcastle Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health England, North East Centre, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Basta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sexual Health and HIV, South Tyneside Foundation Trust, South Shields, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Bushby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genitourinary Medicine, City Hospitals Sunderland, Sunderland, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genitourinary Medicine and Sexual Health, University Hospital of North Durham, Durham, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"NQ","family":"Verlander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Infection Service, Statistics, Modelling and Economics Department, Public Health England, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Gorton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Infections Service, Public Health England, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0956462418757554","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Annual epidemiological report 2016 \u2013 syphilis. Available at: http:\/\/ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/healthtopics\/Syphilis\/Pages\/Annual-epidemiological-report.aspx (2016, accessed 20 February 2017)."},{"key":"bibr2-0956462418757554","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2016-052870"},{"key":"bibr3-0956462418757554","unstructured":"Public Health England, National STI surveillance data tables 2015 \u2013 table 1. Available at: https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/statistics\/sexually-transmitted-infections-stis-annual-data-tables (2015, accessed 20 February 2017)."},{"key":"bibr4-0956462418757554","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.14.110"},{"key":"bibr5-0956462418757554","unstructured":"Notes from the field: repeat syphilis infection and HIV coinfection among men who have sex with men \u2013 Baltimore, Maryland, 2010\u20132011.\n                      MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep\n                      2013; 62: 649\u2013650."},{"key":"bibr6-0956462418757554","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181990c85"},{"key":"bibr7-0956462418757554","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/598997"},{"key":"bibr8-0956462418757554","unstructured":"Rothman LK. Episheet. Available at: http:\/\/www.krothman.org\/Episheet.xls (accessed April 2014)."},{"key":"bibr9-0956462418757554","first-page":"958","volume":"62","author":"Paz-Bailey G","year":"2013","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"bibr10-0956462418757554","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2187-1"},{"key":"bibr11-0956462418757554","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300383"},{"key":"bibr12-0956462418757554","first-page":"1","volume":"0","author":"Kingston M","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"bibr13-0956462418757554","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181e9afc7"},{"key":"bibr14-0956462418757554","volume":"38","author":"Katz KA","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"bibr15-0956462418757554","first-page":"2123","volume":"124","author":"Kim JH","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Med J"},{"key":"bibr16-0956462418757554","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-1209-0"},{"key":"bibr17-0956462418757554","unstructured":"Field Epidemiology Services \u2013 Public Health England North East. HIV and AIDS in the North East. 2016 Surveillance Report. 5 December 2016."},{"key":"bibr18-0956462418757554","unstructured":"Miller BA, Hicks CB. Syphilis and HIV: the intersection of two epidemics. NEJM Journal Watch. Available at: http:\/\/www.jwatch.org\/ac201009030000001\/2010\/09\/03\/syphilis-and-hiv-intersection-two-epidemics (2010, accessed 31 July 2017)."},{"key":"bibr19-0956462418757554","unstructured":"British HIV. Association guidelines on the routine investigation and monitoring of HUV-1 positive adults. Available at: http:\/\/www.bhiva.org\/documents\/Guidelines\/Monitoring\/2016-BHIVA-Monitoring-Guidelines.pdf (accessed 31 July 2017)."},{"key":"bibr20-0956462418757554","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2015.20.15.21093"},{"key":"bibr21-0956462418757554","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.56.3.235"},{"key":"bibr22-0956462418757554","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2006.019950"},{"key":"bibr23-0956462418757554","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32831fb51a"},{"key":"bibr24-0956462418757554","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu482"}],"container-title":["International Journal of STD &amp; AIDS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0956462418757554","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0956462418757554","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0956462418757554","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:38:02Z","timestamp":1777675082000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0956462418757554"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,26]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0956462418757554"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0956462418757554","relation":{},"ISSN":["0956-4624","1758-1052"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0956-4624","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1052","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,26]]}}}