{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:40:31Z","timestamp":1777927231979,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,26]],"date-time":"2018-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1529971200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A sudden increase in the number of newborn infants with microcephaly in Brazil in 2015 brought Zika virus (ZIKV), a less-known infection, to public attention. The rapid increase in the number of cases across the Americas and the devastating complications of infection with ZIKV highlighted the gravity of the situation. Within a relatively short period of time, our knowledge of this infection has significantly increased. This includes the realisation that ZIKV can be sexually transmitted. The aim of the present article is to provide a concise summary on this novel sexually transmitted infection linked to human birth defects and Guillain\u2013Barre Syndrome. According to World Health Organization, individuals living outside areas of ZIKV mosquito transmission where one or both partners have been exposed to ZIKV should abstain from sex or have sex with condoms for at least six months after the last day of possible exposure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462418779465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,27]],"date-time":"2018-06-27T00:57:59Z","timestamp":1530061079000},"page":"1238-1246","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Emerging sexually transmitted viral infections: 2. Review of Zika virus disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"RJ","family":"Caswell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of HIV and Genitourinary Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7018-1343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K","family":"Manavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of HIV and Genitourinary Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0956462418779465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12275-017-6494-4"},{"key":"bibr2-0956462418779465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1408.080287"},{"key":"bibr3-0956462418779465","first-page":"55","volume":"65","author":"Hennessey M","year":"2016","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"bibr4-0956462418779465","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Rapid risk assessment: Zika virus epidemic in the Americas: potential association with microcephaly and Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome. Stockholm, http:\/\/ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/publications\/Publications\/zika-virus-americas-association-with-microcephaly-rapid-risk-assessment.pdf (2015, accessed 29 November 2017)."},{"key":"bibr5-0956462418779465","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Situation report. Zika virus microcephaly and Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome, http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/251462\/1\/zikasitrep17Nov16-eng.pdf (2016, accessed 29 November 2017)."},{"key":"bibr6-0956462418779465","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. Situation report, Zika virus microcephaly and Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome, http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/254714\/zikasitrep10Mar17-eng.pdf;jsessionid=187CDB5079E293501FA3B10A92068DB8?sequence=1 (2017, accessed 1 April 2018)."},{"key":"bibr7-0956462418779465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2014.19.13.20751"},{"key":"bibr8-0956462418779465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1705.101939"},{"key":"bibr9-0956462418779465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1604449"},{"key":"bibr10-0956462418779465","first-page":"372","volume":"65","author":"Deckard DT","year":"2016","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"bibr11-0956462418779465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1607262"},{"key":"bibr12-0956462418779465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.13681"},{"key":"bibr13-0956462418779465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2014.19.14.20761"},{"key":"bibr14-0956462418779465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.14047"},{"key":"bibr15-0956462418779465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/423807"},{"key":"bibr16-0956462418779465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1610613"},{"key":"bibr17-0956462418779465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005528"},{"key":"bibr18-0956462418779465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix968"},{"key":"bibr19-0956462418779465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2305.161631"},{"key":"bibr20-0956462418779465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paz-Bailey G, Rosenberg ES, Doyle K, et\u00a0al. Persistence of Zika virus in body fluids \u2013 preliminary report.\n                      N Engl J Med\n                      . Epub ahead of print 14 February 2017. DOI: 10.1056\/NEJMoa1613108.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1613108"},{"key":"bibr21-0956462418779465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2301.161394"},{"key":"bibr22-0956462418779465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1607580"},{"key":"bibr23-0956462418779465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004816"},{"key":"bibr24-0956462418779465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.32.30314"},{"key":"bibr25-0956462418779465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-09479-5"},{"key":"bibr26-0956462418779465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0805715"},{"key":"bibr27-0956462418779465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004959"},{"key":"bibr28-0956462418779465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2016.3.30188"},{"key":"bibr29-0956462418779465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2016.02.001"},{"key":"bibr30-0956462418779465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6503e2"},{"key":"bibr31-0956462418779465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1602412"},{"key":"bibr32-0956462418779465","unstructured":"Centres for Disease Control and Prevention . 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DOI: 10.1056\/NEJMoa1604037.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1604037"},{"key":"bibr48-0956462418779465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsr1604338"},{"key":"bibr49-0956462418779465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30253-7"},{"key":"bibr50-0956462418779465","first-page":"315","volume":"65","author":"Petersen EE","year":"2016","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"bibr51-0956462418779465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2014.0049"},{"key":"bibr52-0956462418779465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2007.02.026"},{"key":"bibr53-0956462418779465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1107.040991"},{"key":"bibr54-0956462418779465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang H, Hammack C, Ogden SC, et al. 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