{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T18:55:20Z","timestamp":1791140120456,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,27]],"date-time":"2018-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532649600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Kordofan, Sudan"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Routine infectious diseases screening of Sudanese pregnant women has been patchy due to scarcity of healthcare resources and social stigma. We sought to determine the seroprevalence of HIV, hepatitis B, and syphilis among pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) at El Obeid Maternity Hospital in western Sudan. We also explored the association between these infections and a set of socio-demographic and maternal variables. Unlinked anonymous testing for HIV-1\/2 antibodies, hepatitis B surface antigen, and Treponema pallidum antibodies was performed on residual blood samples collected during routine ANC (August 2016\u2013March 2017). Seroprevalence of HIV was 1.13% (5\/444; 95% CI 0.37\u20132.61%), hepatitis B 2.93% (13\/444; 95% CI 1.57\u20134.95%), and syphilis 7.43% (33\/444; 95% CI 5.17\u201310.28%). On bivariate analysis, there were no statistically significant associations between hepatitis B, syphilis, or a composite outcome including any of the three infections and age, stage of pregnancy, gravidity, parity, previous mode of delivery, history of blood transfusion, or husband polygamy. Urgent action is needed to scale up routine maternal screening for HIV, hepatitis B, and syphilis on an opt-out basis. Further research into the socio-demographic and behavioural determinants of these infections as well as their clinical outcomes is needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462418784687","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,27]],"date-time":"2018-07-27T03:05:12Z","timestamp":1532660712000},"page":"1330-1336","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Seroprevalence of maternal HIV, hepatitis B, and syphilis in a major maternity hospital in North Kordofan, Sudan"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Sirelkhatim M","family":"Elkheir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, El Obeid Maternity Hospital, El Obeid, Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6129-4597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahir OE","family":"Babiker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sudan HIV\/AIDS Working Group (SHAWG), Glasgow, UK"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabah K","family":"Elamin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, El Obeid Maternity Hospital, El Obeid, Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed IA","family":"Yassin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, El Obeid Maternity Hospital, El Obeid, Sudan"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Kordofan, El Obeid, Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khidir E","family":"Awadalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, El Obeid Maternity Hospital, El Obeid, Sudan"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Kordofan, El Obeid, Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed A","family":"Bealy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Centre, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Kordofan, El Obeid, Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed A","family":"Agab Eldour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Kordofan, El Obeid, Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fath E","family":"Alloba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sudan HIV\/AIDS Working Group (SHAWG), Glasgow, UK"},{"name":"The Liverpool Centre for Sexual Health, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sowsan F","family":"Atabani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sudan HIV\/AIDS Working Group (SHAWG), Glasgow, UK"},{"name":"Public Health Laboratory Birmingham, National Infection Service, Heart of England Foundation NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Husam KE","family":"Osman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sudan HIV\/AIDS Working Group (SHAWG), Glasgow, UK"},{"name":"Public Health Laboratory Birmingham, National Infection Service, Heart of England Foundation NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdel G","family":"Babiker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sudan HIV\/AIDS Working Group (SHAWG), Glasgow, UK"},{"name":"MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elbushra AM","family":"Herieka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sudan HIV\/AIDS Working Group (SHAWG), Glasgow, UK"},{"name":"Department of Genitourinary Medicine, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0956462418784687","unstructured":"Herieka E, Babiker Z, Elgoni A, et\u00a0al. Tackling the HIV challenge in Sudan: the way forward, https:\/\/media.wix.com\/ugd\/7185d7_e8bac3c485424d4eb42a660f82c5481a.pdf (2008, accessed 8 April 2018)."},{"key":"bibr2-0956462418784687","first-page":"112","volume":"46","author":"Babiker Z","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sudan Med J"},{"key":"bibr3-0956462418784687","unstructured":"UNAIDS. The gap report, http:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/resources\/documents\/2014\/20140716_UNAIDS_gap_report (2014, accessed 8 April 2018)."},{"key":"bibr4-0956462418784687","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2013.04.002"},{"key":"bibr5-0956462418784687","first-page":"229","volume":"24","author":"Grin E.","year":"1961","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"bibr6-0956462418784687","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2013-051184.0635"},{"key":"bibr7-0956462418784687","unstructured":"United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA). 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Geneva: World Health Organization, http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/259003\/1\/9789241550093-eng.pdf (2017, accessed 8 April 2018)."},{"key":"bibr11-0956462418784687","unstructured":"UNAIDS. AIDSinfo country factsheets, http:\/\/aidsinfo.unaids.org\/ (2016, accessed 8 April 2018)."},{"key":"bibr12-0956462418784687","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2010.12.001"},{"key":"bibr13-0956462418784687","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20694"},{"key":"bibr14-0956462418784687","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01443610410001722536"},{"key":"bibr15-0956462418784687","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462416668080"},{"key":"bibr16-0956462418784687","unstructured":"Sudan National HIV\/AIDS Prevention and Control Programme, Federal Ministry of Health (2009). ANC HIV sentinel sero-survey technical report. 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