{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:41:12Z","timestamp":1777927272588,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,23]],"date-time":"2020-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582416000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common cause of hospitalization among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH), particularly those with severe immunosuppression. Pulmonary disease due to cryptococcosis is uncommonly reported and likely under-diagnosed. There is scarce information about cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) prevalence in PLWH with CAP. The objectives of this study were to identify among PLWH who were hospitalized with CAP: (i) the prevalence of serum CrAg positivity, (ii) the proportion with asymptomatic vs. symptomatic cryptococcosis; and (iii) the prevalence of serum CrAg positivity in CD4+ T-cell count &lt;100\u2009cells\/mm\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    . We performed a sub-analysis of a prospective cohort of hospitalized adults enrolled into a randomized clinical trial testing therapy for CAP. We included 202 participants who had serum CrAg testing performed. We found a 3.5% prevalence of serum CrAg-positivity overall, being higher (5.7%) in CD4+ T-cell count &lt;100\u2009cells\/mm\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Overall, asymptomatic and symptomatic cryptococcosis were present in 2.0% and 1.5%, respectively. This study identifies a target population for CrAg testing: PLWH hospitalized with diagnosis of CAP, particularly those with CD4+ T-cell count &lt;100\u2009cells\/mm\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    where the number needed to test was 18 to detect 1 CrAg-positive person. This approach may facilitate the detection of asymptomatic cryptococcal infection and allow a timely diagnosis of symptomatic cryptococcal disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462419847161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,24]],"date-time":"2020-02-24T00:47:40Z","timestamp":1582505260000},"page":"345-350","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Should we perform the serum cryptococcal antigen test in people living with HIV hospitalized due to a community-acquired pneumonia episode?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Adriana Paulino","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Deparment of Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Infectologia Em\u00edlio Ribas, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolina Toniolo","family":"Zenatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deparment of Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Infectologia Em\u00edlio Ribas, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Figueiredo-Mello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deparment of Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Infectologia Em\u00edlio Ribas, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marinella Della","family":"Negra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deparment of Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Infectologia Em\u00edlio Ribas, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna S","family":"Levin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David R","family":"Boulware","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Ernesto","family":"Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Instituto de Infectologia Em\u00edlio Ribas, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o M\u00e9dica \u2013 49, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0956462419847161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2012.10.020"},{"key":"bibr2-0956462419847161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(15)00137-X"},{"key":"bibr3-0956462419847161","volume-title":"Guidelines on the diagnosis, prevention and management of cryptococcal disease in HIV-infected adults, adolescents and children: supplement to the 2016 consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2018"},{"key":"bibr4-0956462419847161","volume-title":"Guidelines for managing advanced HIV disease and rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy","author":"World Health 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