{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T06:56:30Z","timestamp":1778655390072,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]],"date-time":"2019-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569283200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Swiss Excellence Scholarship"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004397","name":"Ministry of Public Health of Cuba","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004397","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Syphilis, caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum, is a rising global public health concern and laboratory diagnostics remain challenging. Especially during early disease, rapid and accurate diagnosis is crucial to ensure patients and their contacts receive timely treatment to eradicate infection and prevent further transmission. In this prospective observational study, we evaluated the performance of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and serological testing for the diagnosis of primary syphilis by evaluating anogenital swabs and sera from 178 Cuban patients presenting with ulcers. Three different PCR assays were evaluated targeting polA, tpp47 and 16S rDNA loci. Sera were evaluated with venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) and T. pallidum hemagglutination (TPHA) assays. Assuming both methods were confirmatory, our data showed that PCR and serology did not correlate well (agreement\u2009=\u200952.3%, kappa 0.0512, 95% CI \u22120.0928\u20130.1951, p\u2009=\u20090.496). The sensitivities, specificities, positive and negative predictive values of the PCR assays were 76.1%, 100%, 100% and 57.9%, respectively, while the values for serology were 62.5%, 100%, 100% and 45.2%, respectively. The combination of PCR and serology can offer valuable information for the diagnosis of syphilis in patients presenting with anogenital ulceration avoiding further clinical complications and disease transmission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462419859764","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]],"date-time":"2019-09-24T20:48:19Z","timestamp":1569358099000},"page":"1087-1094","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Accuracy of PCR and serological testing for the diagnosis of primary syphilis: Both tests are necessary"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9849-7091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angel A","family":"Noda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mycology-Bacteriology, Institute of Tropical Medicine \u201cPedro Kour\u00ed\u201d, Havana, Cuba"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Islay","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mycology-Bacteriology, Institute of Tropical Medicine \u201cPedro Kour\u00ed\u201d, Havana, Cuba"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Grillov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philipp P","family":"Bosshard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reto","family":"Lienhard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Serology, ADMED Microbiologie, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0956462419859764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-12-353"},{"key":"bibr2-0956462419859764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2016.11.031"},{"key":"bibr3-0956462419859764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00720-09"},{"key":"bibr4-0956462419859764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00702-11"},{"key":"bibr5-0956462419859764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12710"},{"key":"bibr6-0956462419859764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.03444-14"},{"key":"bibr7-0956462419859764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01619-15"},{"key":"bibr8-0956462419859764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.5.1941-1946.2001"},{"key":"bibr9-0956462419859764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2012.01.015"},{"key":"bibr10-0956462419859764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-49-7-657"},{"key":"bibr11-0956462419859764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1335"},{"key":"bibr12-0956462419859764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12734"},{"key":"bibr13-0956462419859764","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr6404a1","volume":"64","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2015","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"bibr14-0956462419859764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy604"},{"key":"bibr15-0956462419859764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2009.01.006"},{"key":"bibr16-0956462419859764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.73"},{"key":"bibr17-0956462419859764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01292-14"},{"key":"bibr18-0956462419859764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.79.6.479"},{"key":"bibr19-0956462419859764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000465"},{"key":"bibr20-0956462419859764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0172905"},{"key":"bibr21-0956462419859764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000690"},{"key":"bibr22-0956462419859764","first-page":"1","volume":"0","author":"Kingston M","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"bibr23-0956462419859764","first-page":"254","volume":"85","author":"Roett MA","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"bibr24-0956462419859764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000470"},{"key":"bibr25-0956462419859764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.02.006"},{"key":"bibr26-0956462419859764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01782-17"},{"key":"bibr27-0956462419859764","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis757"}],"container-title":["International Journal of STD &amp; AIDS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0956462419859764","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0956462419859764","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0956462419859764","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:39:38Z","timestamp":1777675178000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0956462419859764"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0956462419859764"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0956462419859764","relation":{},"ISSN":["0956-4624","1758-1052"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0956-4624","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1052","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]]}}}