{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T23:14:08Z","timestamp":1790723648324,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,12]],"date-time":"2020-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100024216","name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100024216","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Untreated sexually transmitted infections and bacterial vaginosis (BV) pose a serious health risk to mother and child. Limited data exist on the use of the BD Affirm\u2122 VPIII assay as a point-of-care test (POCT). The performance of the BD Affirm\u2122 VPIII assay was compared with the BD Max\u2122 vaginal assay for the diagnosis of BV, Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) and Candida spp. A total of 273 pregnant women were enrolled in this study and had provided two self-collected vaginal swabs. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and prevalence were calculated. The prevalence of BV, candidiasis and trichomoniasis was 49.4, 57.2 and 10.3%, respectively. The BD Affirm\u2122 VPIII assay showed a moderate sensitivity (79.8%) and a moderate specificity (80.3%) for diagnosing BV in all participants. The BD Affirm\u2122 VPIII assay had an excellent specificity for Candida spp. and TV of 97.4 and 100%, respectively; however, the assay exhibited poor sensitivities of 52.9 and 46.4%, respectively. This study was the first to report on the performance of the BD Affirm\u2122 VPIII assay as a POCT in an antenatal population. The assay was found to be unsuitable as a screening test for vaginal infections in pregnancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462419895684","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,13]],"date-time":"2020-02-13T01:24:34Z","timestamp":1581557074000},"page":"303-311","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Diagnostic evaluation of the BD Affirm VPIII assay as a point-of-care test for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis and candidiasis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9161-278X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fazana","family":"Dessai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine Laboratory, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makandwe","family":"Nyirenda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa"},{"name":"School of Public Health and Nursing, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motshedisi","family":"Sebitloane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathlee","family":"Abbai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine Laboratory, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0956462419895684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa003329"},{"key":"bibr2-0956462419895684","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abbai NS, Reddy T, Ramjee G. Prevalent bacterial vaginosis infection \u2013 a risk factor for incident sexually transmitted infections in women in Durban, South Africa.\n                      Int J STD AIDS\n                      2015; 27(14): 1283\u20131288.","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462415616038"},{"key":"bibr3-0956462419895684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2007.02.002"},{"key":"bibr4-0956462419895684","first-page":"7","volume":"2","author":"Nwadioha SI","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Med Res"},{"key":"bibr5-0956462419895684","first-page":"582","volume":"31","author":"FengQiu X","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pak J Med Sci"},{"key":"bibr6-0956462419895684","first-page":"1","author":"Sobel JD.","year":"2019","journal-title":"UpToDate"},{"key":"bibr7-0956462419895684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7243\/2052-6210-1-6"},{"key":"bibr8-0956462419895684","first-page":"1","author":"Redelinghuys M","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"bibr9-0956462419895684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-015-0462-0"},{"key":"bibr10-0956462419895684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2004.013904"},{"key":"bibr11-0956462419895684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000756"},{"key":"bibr12-0956462419895684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ajid.v9i2.7"},{"key":"bibr13-0956462419895684","unstructured":"Dept. of Health: RSA. Sexually transmitted infections Management guidelines, 2015."},{"key":"bibr14-0956462419895684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0163365"},{"key":"bibr15-0956462419895684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12742"},{"key":"bibr16-0956462419895684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000219"},{"key":"bibr17-0956462419895684","unstructured":"Paradis S, Yu JH, Lejeune M. Elevating the standard of care for women\u2019s health: the BD MAX\u2122 Vaginal Panel and Management of Vaginal Infections. BD Life Sciences-Diagnostic Systems: 1\u20138."},{"key":"bibr18-0956462419895684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01537-13"},{"key":"bibr19-0956462419895684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.32.1.148-152.1994"},{"key":"bibr20-0956462419895684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IPC.0b013e318210fdc0"},{"key":"bibr21-0956462419895684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002090"},{"key":"bibr22-0956462419895684","first-page":"1","volume":"15","author":"Torrone EA","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"bibr23-0956462419895684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis298"},{"key":"bibr24-0956462419895684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2010.08.006"},{"key":"bibr25-0956462419895684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics7010003"},{"key":"bibr26-0956462419895684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu089"},{"key":"bibr27-0956462419895684","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thompson A, Timm K, Borders N, et\u00a0al. Diagnostic performance of two molecular assays for the detection of vaginitis in symptomatic women.\n                      Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis\n                      . Epub ahead of print 9 September 2019. 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