{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:41:41Z","timestamp":1777927301470,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]],"date-time":"2020-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587427200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A previous study conducted in Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon, showed a significant increase in ciprofloxacin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Still, ciprofloxacin is the recommended first-line medication for gonorrhoea in Cameroon. We aimed to provide further evidence of increasing resistance of N. gonorrhoeae to ciprofloxacin. We conducted a retrospective study (2012\u20132018) and retrieved coded patient and specimen real-world data from the Centre Pasteur du Cameroun\u2019s laboratory information system and laboratory worksheets. We included disc diffusion method results for tetracycline, azithromycin, and spectinomycin, and minimal inhibitory concentrations obtained by E-test for ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and benzylpenicillin. A total of 449 N. gonorrhoeae were isolated; a higher proportion of them presented resistance to ciprofloxacin (64.4%), benzylpenicillin (80.1%), and tetracycline (58.4%). The resistance to ciprofloxacin increased significantly (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) from 15.0% in 2012 to 79.5% in 2018. Since 2016 a significant decrease (p\u2009=\u20090.002) in resistance to benzylpenicillin occurred and the resistance to tetracycline remained stable. The level of resistance to ceftriaxone (1.8%), azithromycin (2.1%), and spectinomycin (2.0%) was low. Our study confirms that ciprofloxacin is not recommended as a first-line treatment for gonorrhoea. It also illustrates the urgent need to establish a robust and sustainable gonococcal antimicrobial surveillance programme to guide national treatment guidelines in order to control gonorrhoea in Cameroon.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462419897227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]],"date-time":"2020-04-22T02:00:57Z","timestamp":1587520857000},"page":"579-586","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Sharp increase in ciprofloxacin resistance of\n                    <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/i>\n                    in Yaounde, Cameroon: analyses of a laboratory database period 2012\u20132018"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2235-6038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T","family":"Crucitti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaounde, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Belinga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaounde, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MC","family":"Fonkoua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaounde, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Abanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaounde, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W","family":"Mbanzouen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaounde, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Sokeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaounde, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Nzouankeu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaounde, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0956462419897227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00010-14"},{"key":"bibr2-0956462419897227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/SH19023"},{"key":"bibr3-0956462419897227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2012-050907"},{"key":"bibr4-0956462419897227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000915"},{"key":"bibr5-0956462419897227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1717295115"},{"key":"bibr6-0956462419897227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kenyon C, Buyze J, Spiteri G, et\u00a0al. Population-level antimicrobial consumption is associated with decreased antimicrobial susceptibility in\n                      Neisseria gonorrhoeae\n                      in 24 European Countries: an ecological analysis.\n                      J Infect Dis\n                      . Epub ahead of print 8 April 2019. DOI: 10.1093\/infdis\/jiz153v.","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz153"},{"key":"bibr7-0956462419897227","unstructured":"Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 Publique. Directory of approved drugs, https:\/\/dpml.cm\/repertoireDesAmm\/index.php (accessed 8 October 2019)."},{"key":"bibr8-0956462419897227","unstructured":"The Center for Disease Dynamics Economics & Policy. ResistanceMap: antibiotic use in French West Africa. 2000\u20132015, https\/\/resistancemap.cddep.org\/CountryPage.php?countryId=75&country=French+West+Africa (accessed 9 October 2019)."},{"key":"bibr9-0956462419897227","unstructured":"Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Fran\u00e7aise de Microbiologie.\n                      Comit\u00e9 d\u2019Antibiogramme \u2013 Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Fran\u00e7aise de Microbiologie\/European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (CASFM\/EUCAST)\n                      . Paris: Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Fran\u00e7aise de Microiologie, 2018."},{"key":"bibr10-0956462419897227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12887"},{"key":"bibr11-0956462419897227","volume-title":"RStudio: integrated development for R","author":"RStudio Team (RStudio Inc)","year":"2018"},{"key":"bibr12-0956462419897227","volume-title":"Global action plan to control the spread and impact of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr13-0956462419897227","unstructured":"Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 Publique.\n                      Politiques, normes et directives nationales pour la prise en charge syndromique des infections sexuellement transmissibles au Cameroun\n                      . Yaounde: Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 Publique, Direction de la Lutte Contre la Maladie, 2007."},{"key":"bibr14-0956462419897227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics7030058"},{"key":"bibr15-0956462419897227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462418799017"},{"key":"bibr16-0956462419897227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000099"},{"key":"bibr17-0956462419897227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000943"},{"key":"bibr18-0956462419897227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-019-1439-1"},{"key":"bibr19-0956462419897227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462418780050"},{"key":"bibr20-0956462419897227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0223598"},{"key":"bibr21-0956462419897227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31818318d8"},{"key":"bibr22-0956462419897227","volume-title":"WHO guidelines for the treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr23-0956462419897227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7450-5"},{"key":"bibr24-0956462419897227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3528-4"},{"key":"bibr25-0956462419897227","first-page":"1","volume":"61","author":"Williamson DA","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"}],"container-title":["International Journal of STD &amp; AIDS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0956462419897227","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0956462419897227","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0956462419897227","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:40:18Z","timestamp":1777675218000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0956462419897227"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0956462419897227"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0956462419897227","relation":{},"ISSN":["0956-4624","1758-1052"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0956-4624","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1052","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]]}}}