{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T03:24:37Z","timestamp":1783567477835,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,14]],"date-time":"2020-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We report a case of a concurrent reactivation of varicella zoster virus and herpes simplex virus in an immunocompromised patient unaware of her longstanding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Despite being a rare event, concurrent reactivation of the two alphaherpesvirinae has been reported in various conditions, either in immunocompetent or immunocompromised patients. However, a reactivation in the same anatomical location in a person living with HIV seems to be an extremely rare event.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462419899003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]],"date-time":"2020-09-15T01:57:27Z","timestamp":1600135047000},"page":"1145-1148","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Concurrent varicella and herpes simplex virus reactivation in the same trigeminal dermatome in a person living with HIV"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0686-3619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel Josef","family":"Lindegger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele Claudio","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Guex-Crosier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0956462419899003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2011.03.014"},{"key":"bibr2-0956462419899003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kahn G, Taubenhaus LJ. X-Ray Screening for Tuberculosis in Nursing-home Patients.\n                      J Am Geriatr Soc\n                      1964; 12: 420\u2013422.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1964.tb05729.x"},{"key":"bibr3-0956462419899003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gibney MD, Leonardi CL and Glaser DA. Concurrent herpes simplex and varicella-zoster infection in an immunocompromised patient.\n                      J Am Acad Dermatol\n                      1995; 33: 126\u2013129.","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(95)90037-3"},{"key":"bibr4-0956462419899003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nikkels AF, Fr\u00e8re P, Rakic L et al. Simultaneous reactivation of herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus in a patient with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.\n                      Dermatology\n                      1999; 199(4): 361\u2013364.","DOI":"10.1159\/000018292"},{"key":"bibr5-0956462419899003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krishnaram AS, Sachan Y, Rani GG. Co-reactivation of varicella zoster virus and herpes simplex virus with disseminated cutaneous lesions in a lymphoma patient.\n                      Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol\n                      2013; 79(5): 709\u2013711.","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.116747"},{"key":"bibr6-0956462419899003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Curley MJ, Hussein SA, Hassoun PM. Disseminated herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus coinfection in a patient taking thalidomide for relapsed multiple myeloma.\n                      J Clin Microbiol\n                      2002; 40(6): 2302\u20132304","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.6.2302-2304.2002"},{"key":"bibr7-0956462419899003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Godet C, Beby-Defaux A, Landron C et al. Concomitant disseminated herpes simplex virus type 2 infection and varicella zoster virus primoinfection in a pregnant woman.\n                      Scand J Infect Dis\n                      2005; 37(10): 774\u2013776.","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540410024763"},{"key":"bibr8-0956462419899003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cupps TR, Straus SE, Waldmann TA. Successful treatment with acyclovir of an immunodeficient patient infected simultaneously with multiple herpesviruses.\n                      Am J Med\n                      1981; 70(4): 882\u2013886","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(81)90548-9"},{"key":"bibr9-0956462419899003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lim ZV, Tey H. 2018. Disseminated herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus co-infection in an immunocompetent patient.\n                      Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol\n                      2018; 84(2): 212\u2013214.","DOI":"10.4103\/ijdvl.IJDVL_423_17"},{"key":"bibr10-0956462419899003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park HH, Lee MH. Concurrent reactivation of varicella zoster virus and herpes simplex virus in an immunocompetent child.\n                      J Korean Med Sci\n                      2004; 19(4): 598\u2013600.","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2004.19.4.598"},{"key":"bibr11-0956462419899003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kobayashi T, Yagami A, Suzuki K, et al. Concurrent reactivation of herpes simplex and varicella zoster viruses confirmed by the loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay.\n                      Case Rep Dermatol\n                      2014; 6: 5\u20139.","DOI":"10.1159\/000358005"},{"key":"bibr12-0956462419899003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Terasaki, S., T. Kameyama, and S. Yamamoto, A case of zoster in the 2nd and 3rd branches of the trigeminal nerve associated with simultaneous herpes labialis infection\u2013a case report.\n                      Kurume Med J\n                      1997; 44(1): 61\u201366.","DOI":"10.2739\/kurumemedj.44.61"},{"key":"bibr13-0956462419899003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Theil D, Paripovic I, Derfuss T, et al. Dually infected (HSV-1\/VZV) single neurons in human trigeminal ganglia.\n                      Ann Neurol\n                      2003; 54: 678\u2013682.","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10746"},{"key":"bibr14-0956462419899003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sloutskin A, Yee MB, Kinchington PR, et al. Varicellazoster virus and herpes simplex virus 1 can infect and replicate in the same neurons whether co- or superinfected.\n                      J Virol\n                      2014; 88: 5079\u20135086.","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00252-14"},{"key":"bibr15-0956462419899003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meier JL and Straus SE. Comparative biology of latent varicella-zoster virus and herpes simplex virus infections.\n                      J Infect Dis\n                      1992; 166: S13\u2013S23.","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/166.Supplement_1.S13"},{"key":"bibr16-0956462419899003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miller AE. Selective decline in cellular immune response to varicella-zoster in the elderly.\n                      Neurology\n                      1980; 30: 582\u2013587.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.30.6.582"},{"key":"bibr17-0956462419899003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berger R, Florent G and Just M. Decrease of the lymphoproliferative response to varicella-zoster virus antigen in the aged.\n                      Infect Immun\n                      1981; 32: 24\u201327.","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.32.1.24-27.1981"},{"key":"bibr18-0956462419899003","unstructured":"Landry ML and Hsiung GD. Diagnosis of dual herpes virus infection: varicella-zoster and herpes simplex virus. In: Nahmias AJ, Dowdle E and Schinazi RF (eds)\n                      The human herpesviruses\n                      . New York: Elsevier, 1978, pp.652\u2013653."},{"key":"bibr19-0956462419899003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hill TG. Herpes simplex virus latency. In: Roizman B (ed.)\n                      The herpesviruses\n                      . New York: Plenum, 1985, pp.174\u2013240.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-2383-9_4"},{"key":"bibr20-0956462419899003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Croen KD. Latency and the consequence of reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus.\n                      Ann Intern Med\n                      1988; 108: 221\u2013237.","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-108-2-221"},{"key":"bibr21-0956462419899003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Straus SE. Clinical and biological differences between recurrent herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus infections.\n                      JAMA\n                      1989; 262: 3455\u20133458.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.262.24.3455"},{"key":"bibr22-0956462419899003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lungu O, Panagiotidis CA, Annunziato PW, et al. Aberrant intracellular localization of varicella-zoster virus regulatory proteins during latency.\n                      Proc Natl Acad Sci USA\n                      1998; 95: 7080\u20137085.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.12.7080"},{"key":"bibr23-0956462419899003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lekas HM, Schrimshaw EW and Siegel K. Pathways to HIV testing among adults aged fifty and older with HIV\/AIDS.\n                      AIDS Care\n                      2005; 17: 674\u2013687.","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120412331336670"},{"key":"bibr24-0956462419899003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giehl KA, M\u00fcller-Sander E, Rottenkolber M, et al. Identification and characterization of 20 immunocompetent patients with simultaneous varicella zoster and herpes simplex virus infection.\n                      J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol\n                      2008; 22: 722\u2013728.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2008.02587.x"},{"key":"bibr25-0956462419899003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piret J and Boivin G. Antiviral drug resistance in herpesviruses other than cytomegalovirus.\n                      Rev Med Virol\n                      2014; 24: 186\u2013218.","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.1787"},{"key":"bibr26-0956462419899003","unstructured":"Balfour HH Jr, Benson C, Braun J, et al. Management of acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex and varicella-zoster virus infections.\n                      J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr\n                      1994; 7: 254\u2013260."},{"key":"bibr27-0956462419899003","unstructured":"Dworkin RH, Johnson RW, Breuer J, et al. Recommendations for the management of herpes zoster.\n                      Clin Infect Dis\n                      2007; 44: S1\u201326."}],"container-title":["International Journal of STD &amp; AIDS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0956462419899003","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0956462419899003","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0956462419899003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:40:21Z","timestamp":1777675221000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0956462419899003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,14]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0956462419899003"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0956462419899003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0956-4624","1758-1052"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0956-4624","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1052","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,14]]}}}