{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T06:35:44Z","timestamp":1784097344092,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]],"date-time":"2020-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588550400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The sexual health services in the Birmingham and Solihull area of the United Kingdom, called Umbrella, has been offering home-based testing for sexually transmitted infections to patients since August 2015. The aim of this service evaluation was to evaluate the uptake, return rate and new diagnosis rates of home-based testing in comparison with clinic-based testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), syphilis (STS) and hepatitis B. Home-based testing, although popular, had low uptake amongst high-risk groups such as men who have sex with men (MSM), compared to the clinic-based group (1% versus 11%, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). This resulted in low positivity rates for HIV (0.02%) and STS (0.17%) and no new cases of hepatitis B in the home-based group. Therefore, our results show that home-based testing is not a cost-effective method of testing for HIV and likely this is also the case for hepatitis B and STS. Our recommendation would be to encourage uptake of home-based testing in high-risk groups such as MSM and Black Africans to improve the diagnosis rates of HIV, STS and hepatitis B. Alternatively, the continuation of home-based blood testing in the Birmingham and Solihull area will need to be reviewed by Umbrella as a cost-saving strategy for the service in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462419900461","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]],"date-time":"2020-05-04T22:04:47Z","timestamp":1588629887000},"page":"613-618","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["A service evaluation comparing home-based testing to clinic-based testing for HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B in Birmingham and Solihull"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8883-9796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prita","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vidya","family":"Madhwapathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Thorley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith","family":"Radcliffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0956462419900461","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fajardo-Bernal L, Aponte-Gonzalez J, Vigil P, et\u00a0al. Home-based versus clinic-based specimen collection in the management of\n                      Chlamydia trachomatis\n                      and\n                      Neisseria gonorrhoeae\n                      infections.\n                      Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews\n                      2015; 9.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011317.pub2"},{"key":"bibr2-0956462419900461","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462418767180"},{"key":"bibr3-0956462419900461","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdv075"},{"key":"bibr4-0956462419900461","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052090"},{"key":"bibr5-0956462419900461","unstructured":"Suzanne T, Amos-Gibbs S, Black A, et\u00a0al. An evaluation of the outcome of an online HIV testing service to inform risk communication and future online testing policy (abstract). In:\n                      British Association of Sexual Health and HIV annual conference\n                      , 30 June\u20132 July 2019, Birmingham."},{"key":"bibr6-0956462419900461","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e318095a3f3"},{"key":"bibr7-0956462419900461","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Page M, Atabani SF, Wood M, et al. Dried blood spot and mini-tube blood sample collection kits for postal HIV testing services: a comparative review of successes in a real-world setting.\n                      Sex Transm Infect\n                      2019; 95: 43\u201345.","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2018-053567"}],"container-title":["International Journal of STD &amp; AIDS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0956462419900461","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0956462419900461","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0956462419900461","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:40:22Z","timestamp":1777675222000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0956462419900461"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0956462419900461"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0956462419900461","relation":{},"ISSN":["0956-4624","1758-1052"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0956-4624","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1052","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]]}}}