{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:41:46Z","timestamp":1777927306610,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]],"date-time":"2020-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BK virus (BKV) is an opportunistic pathogen in those with impaired immunity. Viral replication is generally asymptomatic but is able to induce cytopathic alterations in renal cells. If BKV infection is left untreated, it leads to BKV-associated nephropathy (BKVAN) and graft loss. There is scarce experience in the management of BKV infection in kidney transplant recipients living with HIV. We report the successful treatment of BKVAN in an HIV-positive kidney transplant recipient who experienced BKV replication in the immediate post-transplantation period. A change in therapy from calcineurin inhibitor to sirolimus, steroid withdrawal and a short course of an immunomodulatory agent (leflunomide) controlled BKV viremia in the absence of drug side-effects or impairment of graft function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462419900853","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,20]],"date-time":"2020-02-20T00:41:12Z","timestamp":1582159272000},"page":"387-391","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Successful treatment of BK virus associated-nephropathy in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive kidney transplant recipient"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0591-8622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaetano","family":"Alfano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Dialysis and Transplant Unit, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy"},{"name":"Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences, Section of Nephrology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Fontana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Dialysis and Transplant Unit, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Guaraldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gianni","family":"Cappelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Dialysis and Transplant Unit, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy"},{"name":"Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences, Section of Nephrology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Mussini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0956462419900853","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462413493266"},{"key":"bibr2-0956462419900853","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000001761"},{"key":"bibr3-0956462419900853","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462418779659"},{"key":"bibr4-0956462419900853","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8081254"},{"key":"bibr5-0956462419900853","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.04080318"},{"key":"bibr6-0956462419900853","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/AOT.910483"},{"key":"bibr7-0956462419900853","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.13194"},{"key":"bibr8-0956462419900853","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2369-14-207"},{"key":"bibr9-0956462419900853","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.12151"},{"key":"bibr10-0956462419900853","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e31825a505d"},{"key":"bibr11-0956462419900853","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.12347"},{"key":"bibr12-0956462419900853","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2014.11.008"},{"key":"bibr13-0956462419900853","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2017.06.030"},{"key":"bibr14-0956462419900853","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2010.02.337"},{"key":"bibr15-0956462419900853","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.13058"},{"key":"bibr16-0956462419900853","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e3182007be2"},{"key":"bibr17-0956462419900853","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08097"},{"key":"bibr18-0956462419900853","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08155"},{"key":"bibr19-0956462419900853","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1834278100"},{"key":"bibr20-0956462419900853","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e3181c7dcc0"},{"key":"bibr21-0956462419900853","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462419839520"},{"key":"bibr22-0956462419900853","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12699"},{"key":"bibr23-0956462419900853","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trre.2016.10.003"},{"key":"bibr24-0956462419900853","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g6679"},{"key":"bibr25-0956462419900853","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000001520"},{"key":"bibr26-0956462419900853","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2012.04281.x"}],"container-title":["International Journal of STD &amp; 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