{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:41:47Z","timestamp":1777927307224,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,30]],"date-time":"2020-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585526400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Since the advent of the management of HIV\/AIDS using combination antiretroviral therapy (ART), the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in people living with HIV (PLWH) have changed from infectious to non-infectious causes with kidney disease increasingly emerging as being significant. Despite the introduction of the \u2018test and treat\u2019 strategy in Cameroon, there are still few data available on the effect of ART on renal function. Thus, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of renal dysfunction among PLWH on ART and its associated risk factors. We conducted a hospital-based comparative cross-sectional study involving PLWH na\u00efve to ART and those on ART. Spectrophotometry was used to quantify renal markers. Glomerular filtration rate was estimated by the creatinine clearance (CrCl) method. Participants with CrCl &lt;60\u2009ml\/min\/1.73\u2009m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    were considered to have renal dysfunction. A total of 136 participants were recruited of which 97 (71.3%) were females. The mean age was 39.5\u2009\u00b1\u20099.2\u2009years. Each study category had the same number of participants (68 each). Both had a prevalence of proteinuria of 50%. Of the total study population, 26 (19.1%) had CrCl &lt;60\u2009ml\/min\/1.73\u2009m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    . About 82.4% of the participants on ART were on tenofovir-based regimens with a mean duration of treatment of 6.95\u2009\u00b1\u20093.74\u2009years. The ART-experienced group had a prevalence of renal dysfunction of 26.5% and the ART-na\u00efve group 11.8%. The difference in mean CrCl between the study groups was not statistically significant. There was no association between renal dysfunction and the ART regimen, duration on treatment, or adherence to treatment. Our study demonstrated a high prevalence of renal dysfunction among PLWH that was associated with increasing age. Decreased CD4 cell count increased the risk of proteinuria.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462420901985","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,31]],"date-time":"2020-03-31T01:12:50Z","timestamp":1585617170000},"page":"526-532","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Prevalence of renal dysfunction and associated risk factors among HIV patients on ART at the Bamenda Regional Hospital, Cameroon"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9403-8522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Achu","family":"Che Awah Nforbugwe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon"},{"name":"Global Health Systems Solutions (GHSS), Douala, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Acha Asongalem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rengerline","family":"Bihnwi Nchotu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elvis","family":"Asangbeng Tanue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frankline","family":"Sevidzem Wirsiy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health Systems Solutions (GHSS), Douala, Cameroon"},{"name":"Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jules Clement","family":"Nguedia Assob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0956462420901985","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2011.368"},{"key":"bibr2-0956462420901985","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(14)70002-6"},{"key":"bibr3-0956462420901985","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198403153101101"},{"key":"bibr4-0956462420901985","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1157\/13088948"},{"key":"bibr5-0956462420901985","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-234"},{"key":"bibr6-0956462420901985","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5000339"},{"key":"bibr7-0956462420901985","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-019-1335-9"},{"key":"bibr8-0956462420901985","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.09191010"},{"key":"bibr9-0956462420901985","volume":"3","author":"Tetuh KM","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Kidney"},{"key":"bibr10-0956462420901985","unstructured":"ICAP. Cameroon population based HIV impact assessment \u2013 CAMPHIA. Cameroon-PHIA. Cameroon population based HIV impact assessment. ICAP 2017 https:\/\/phia.icap.columbia.edu\/countries\/cameroon (2017, accessed 16 March 2020)."},{"key":"bibr11-0956462420901985","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/jihp.20130508063833"},{"key":"bibr12-0956462420901985","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaze FF, Halle MP, Mopa HT, Ashuntantang G, Fouda H, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease in urban adult Cameroonians according to three common estimators of the glomerular filtration rate: A cross-sectional study.\n                      BMC Nephrol\n                      2015; 1: 96.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-015-0102-9"},{"key":"bibr13-0956462420901985","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02736671"},{"key":"bibr14-0956462420901985","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0195443"},{"key":"bibr15-0956462420901985","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0089573"},{"key":"bibr16-0956462420901985","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-2331-z"},{"key":"bibr17-0956462420901985","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0099469"},{"key":"bibr18-0956462420901985","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1319-2442.121280"},{"key":"bibr19-0956462420901985","first-page":"30","volume":"3","author":"Kamga HL","year":"2011","journal-title":"J AIDS HIV Res"}],"container-title":["International Journal of STD &amp; AIDS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0956462420901985","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0956462420901985","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0956462420901985","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:40:25Z","timestamp":1777675225000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0956462420901985"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,30]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0956462420901985"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0956462420901985","relation":{},"ISSN":["0956-4624","1758-1052"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0956-4624","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1052","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,30]]}}}