{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T17:47:41Z","timestamp":1787852861774,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]],"date-time":"2020-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601424000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Not all human papillomavirus (HPV) infections develop into cervical cancer (CC), so it is proposed that other factors may influence this, such as co-infection with Chlamydia trachomatis (CT). To identify the prevalence of co-infection, we included 189 women with suspicion of HPV. Viral typing was performed by carrying out the Roche HP Linear Array test, while CT detection was performed with the COBAS\u00ae TaqMan\u00ae 48 kit from Roche. Of the 189 women only 184 had an infection with HPV, CT or both: 56.6% were positive for one or several HPV genotypes, and 67.7% for CT. Clinical data showed an association between HPV and CIN I (n\u2009=\u200922; RR\u2009=\u20092.43; 95% CI 1.72\u20133.43, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). CT infection was only associated with cervicitis (n\u2009=\u200940; RR\u2009=\u20091.73; 95% CI 1.34\u20132.23, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The CT-HPV co-infection rate was 28%. Co-infection revealed an association with CIN I (n\u2009=\u200931, RR= 3.33; 95% CI 2.08\u20135.34 p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), CIN III (n\u2009=\u20097; RR\u2009=\u20092.57; 95% CI 1.53\u20134.31, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05); and a significant risk of 2.3 (95% CI 1.08\u20134.90) times higher to develop CC; nevertheless, this risk was not statistically significant. CT\/HPV co-infection was associated with the development of a high-grade lesion (CIN III) as well as an important risk for developing CC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462420947587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:55:07Z","timestamp":1601513707000},"page":"1255-1262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Co-infection between genotypes of the human papillomavirus and\n                    <i>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/i>\n                    in Mexican women"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1817-4004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco A","family":"Escarcega-Tame","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Virolog\u00eda, Departamento de Infectolog\u00eda del Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Colonia Lomas de los Virreyes, Delegaci\u00f3n Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico, Mexico"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Investigaci\u00f3n Cl\u00ednica y Ambiental, Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda de la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas del Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Delegaci\u00f3n Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcela","family":"L\u00f3pez-Hurtado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Virolog\u00eda, Departamento de Infectolog\u00eda del Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Colonia Lomas de los Virreyes, Delegaci\u00f3n Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4353-2117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcos R","family":"Escobedo-Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Virolog\u00eda, Departamento de Infectolog\u00eda del Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Colonia Lomas de los Virreyes, Delegaci\u00f3n Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elba","family":"Reyes-Maldonado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Citolog\u00eda, Departamento de Morfolog\u00eda de la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas del Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Delegaci\u00f3n Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7496-8247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Graciela","family":"Castro-Escarpulli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Investigaci\u00f3n Cl\u00ednica y Ambiental, Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda de la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas del Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Delegaci\u00f3n Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando M","family":"Guerra-Infante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Virolog\u00eda, Departamento de Infectolog\u00eda del Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Colonia Lomas de los Virreyes, Delegaci\u00f3n Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico, Mexico"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Microbiologia Veterinaria, Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda de la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas del Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Delegaci\u00f3n Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0956462420947587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-013-3122-3"},{"key":"bibr2-0956462420947587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2016.30"},{"key":"bibr3-0956462420947587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.55.4.244"},{"key":"bibr4-0956462420947587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-017-3519-7"},{"key":"bibr5-0956462420947587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.06.083"},{"key":"bibr6-0956462420947587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4656"},{"key":"bibr7-0956462420947587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(09)70096-8"},{"key":"bibr8-0956462420947587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25408"},{"key":"bibr9-0956462420947587","unstructured":"WHO. 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