{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:42:08Z","timestamp":1777927328650,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,14]],"date-time":"2020-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 CA114773-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 CA114773-04"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32-CA128582 (CB)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32-CA128582 (CB)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A150440"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A150440"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011146","name":"Chicago Developmental Center for AIDS Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 A1 082151 (RCB)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 A1 082151 (RCB)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011146","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["HCT 44180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HCT 44180"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Prospective data are limited on human papillomavirus (HPV) acquisition and clearance among circumcised men from resource-limited geographical regions, particularly Africa. The goal of this study was to estimate incidence and clearance of type-specific genital HPV infection in men. Penile exfoliated cell specimens were collected from the glans\/coronal sulcus and shaft of 1,037 circumcised Kenyan men at baseline and 6-, 12- and 18-month follow-up visits between 2003\u20132007. Specimens were tested with GP5+\/6+ PCR to detect 44 HPV types. The median age of participants at baseline was 21\u2009years (range 18\u201328). The 12- and 18-month incidence rates (IRs) for any HPV were 34.9\/100 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 31.2\u201339.0) and 36.4\/100 person-years (95% CI: 32.9\u201340.2), respectively. The 18-month cumulative risk for high-risk HPV was 30% compared to 16% for low-risk HPV. Cumulative risk was not associated with age or anatomical site. The estimated probability of any HPV infection clearing by 12 months was 0.92. Time until HPV clearance was not associated with age, anatomical site, or whether HPV infection type was high-risk or low-risk. HPV IRs among circumcised men in this study were comparable to other circumcised populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462420948370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]],"date-time":"2020-09-15T01:57:27Z","timestamp":1600135047000},"page":"1202-1211","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Incidence and clearance of penile human papillomavirus infection among circumcised Kenyan men"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Danielle M","family":"Backes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0229-7322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire","family":"Bosire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael G","family":"Hudgens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Fokar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kawango","family":"Agot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Impact Research and Development Organization, Kisumu, Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Opiyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nyanza Reproductive Health Society, Kisumu, Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Moses","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chris JLM","family":"Meijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert C","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter JF","family":"Snijders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer S","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"},{"name":"Linberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0956462420948370","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.08.051482"},{"key":"bibr2-0956462420948370","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0020298"},{"key":"bibr3-0956462420948370","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60313-4"},{"key":"bibr4-0956462420948370","unstructured":"World Health Organization.\n                      New data on male circumcision and HIV prevention: policy and programme implications\n                      . Geneva: WHO and UNAIDS, www.who.int\/hiv\/pub\/malecircumcision\/research_implications\/en\/ (2007, accessed 23 July 2020)."},{"key":"bibr5-0956462420948370","unstructured":"World Health Organization.\n                      Progress in scale-up of male circumcision for HIV prevention in Eastern and Southern Africa: focus on service delivery\n                      . Geneva: WHO and UNAIDS, www.who.int\/hiv\/pub\/malecircumcision\/mc_country_progress2011\/en\/ (2011, accessed 23 July 2020)."},{"key":"bibr6-0956462420948370","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/652184"},{"key":"bibr7-0956462420948370","unstructured":"Smith JS, Backes DM, Bailey RC, et\u00a0al. The effect of male circumcision on incident and persistent penile HPV infections in men from Kenya. In:\n                      26th international papillomavirus conference and clinical and public health workshops\n                      , Montr\u00e9al, Canada, 3\u20138 July, 2010."},{"key":"bibr8-0956462420948370","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61967-8"},{"key":"bibr9-0956462420948370","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-36342003000900008"},{"key":"bibr10-0956462420948370","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/652408"},{"key":"bibr11-0956462420948370","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-008-9276-9"},{"key":"bibr12-0956462420948370","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.24215"},{"key":"bibr13-0956462420948370","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/591095"},{"key":"bibr14-0956462420948370","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/521192"},{"key":"bibr15-0956462420948370","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-04-0926"},{"key":"bibr16-0956462420948370","first-page":"486","volume":"52","author":"Wei FX","year":"2018","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"bibr17-0956462420948370","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62342-2"},{"key":"bibr18-0956462420948370","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-75"},{"key":"bibr19-0956462420948370","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/651607"},{"key":"bibr20-0956462420948370","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2012-050532"},{"key":"bibr21-0956462420948370","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60312-2"},{"key":"bibr22-0956462420948370","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.24770"},{"key":"bibr23-0956462420948370","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.3.779-787.2002"},{"key":"bibr24-0956462420948370","first-page":"101","volume-title":"Methods in molecular medicine: human papillomaviruses. 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