{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:39:23Z","timestamp":1790707163791,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,25]],"date-time":"2020-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606262400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100022752","name":"MSD Sharp & Dohme GmbH","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100022752","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Recreational drug use is higher in people living with HIV (PLHIV) than in the general population in Europe. This use increases the risk for drug-drug interactions (DDIs) and adverse events. We assessed the prevalence and clinical consequences of substance abuse among PLHIV. BESIDE was a cross-sectional, multi-center study in 2016\/18, evaluating comorbidities, polypharmacy and recreational\/illicit drug use in PLHIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Germany. Legal and illicit drug use was recorded using two anonymous patient questionnaires one year apart (Q1 and Q2). The BESIDE study population consisted of 453 PLHIV (22% female, median age 46\u2009years). Recreational drug use was reported by the majority (Q1: ever used 73%, within previous 6\u2009months 56%): nitrite inhalants (\u201cpoppers\u201d), cannabis and PDE-5 inhibitors were common across all age groups; ecstasy, (meth-)amphetamine and gamma-hydroxybutyrate\/gamma-butyrolactone were predominantly reported by younger PLHIV. Based on Q2, two-thirds of PLHIV (67%) had been informed about potential risks of drug abuse by their doctors, whereas one-third (33%) had talked to their doctors on their own initiative with only 7% considering drug use in combination with ART a problem. Strikingly, 44% and 42% had undergone medical treatment or had been hospitalized due to drug use. These data emphasize the high clinical relevance of recreational drug use in PLHIV and the need for treating physicians to pro-actively communicate the potential risks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462420959169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,25]],"date-time":"2020-11-25T07:29:02Z","timestamp":1606289342000},"page":"75-82","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["High prevalence of recreational and illicit drug use in German people living with HIV with a potential for drug\u2013drug interactions with antiretroviral therapy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0927-3753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B","family":"Funke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MSD Sharp & Dohme GmbH, Medical Affairs, Haar, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CD","family":"Spinner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Esser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"HJ","family":"Stellbrink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectiology Center Hamburg (ICH), Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Stoehr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ifi Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Research and Clinical Care Centre, MVZ Karlsplatz, Munich, Germany"},{"name":"MUC Research, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Koegl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MUC Research, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8111-6122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J","family":"Bruening","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MSD Sharp & Dohme GmbH, Medical Affairs, Haar, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Witte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MSD Sharp & Dohme GmbH, Medical Affairs, Haar, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0956462420959169","unstructured":"EMCDDA. Data and statistics: European drug data \u2013 prevalence of drug use. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, www.emcdda.europa.eu\/system\/files\/publications\/12078\/20192630_TD0319332ENN_PDF.pdf (2015, accessed 31 August 2020)."},{"key":"bibr2-0956462420959169","first-page":"1229","volume":"6","author":"Garin N","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"bibr3-0956462420959169","first-page":"690","volume":"6","author":"Garin N","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"bibr4-0956462420959169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir626"},{"key":"bibr5-0956462420959169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir627"},{"key":"bibr6-0956462420959169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-013-2449-6"},{"key":"bibr7-0956462420959169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/17425255.2015.996546"},{"key":"bibr8-0956462420959169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-8-70"},{"key":"bibr9-0956462420959169","unstructured":"EMCDDA. Germany country drug report 2019, www.emcdda.europa.eu\/system\/files\/publications\/11334\/germany-cdr-2019_0.pdf (2019, accessed 31 August 2020)."},{"key":"bibr10-0956462420959169","unstructured":"Robert Koch Institute. Aktuelle Daten und Informationen zu Infektionskrankheiten und Public Health Epidemiologisches Bulletin. 2017. 47: 509\u2013517."},{"key":"bibr11-0956462420959169","unstructured":"Robert Koch Institute. Aktuelle Daten und Informationen zu Infektionskrankheiten und Public Health.\n                      Epidemiologisches Bulletin\n                      , 2018; 47: 514\u2013515."},{"key":"bibr12-0956462420959169","unstructured":"EMIS-Network.\n                      EMIS 2010: the European men-who-have-sex-with-men internet survey\n                      . Findings from 38 countries. Stockholm: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, 2013."},{"key":"bibr13-0956462420959169","unstructured":"EMIS (European Man-for-Man Internet Survey 2010). Final questionnaire, www.emis-project.eu\/research-questions-and-covered-items.html (accessed 31 August 2020)."},{"key":"bibr14-0956462420959169","unstructured":"Back D, Khoo S, Gibbons S, et al. The University of Liverpool, 1999\u20132020, https:\/\/www.hiv-druginteractions.org (accessed 6 July 2020)."},{"key":"bibr15-0956462420959169","first-page":"577","volume":"116","author":"Atzendorf J","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tabak, illegalen Drogen und Medikamenten. 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