{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:42:20Z","timestamp":1777927340481,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]],"date-time":"2021-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616371200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse for Career Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01 DA038529"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01 DA038529"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse for Career Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24 DA017072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24 DA017072"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse for Career Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DA025943"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DA025943"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"University Malaya High Impact Research","award":["E-000001-20001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-000001-20001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Globally, cisgender women sex workers (CWSWs) and transgender women sex workers (TWSWs) experience increased vulnerabilities to HIV infection. Unfortunately, there is limited data on the drivers of HIV infection in these two understudied populations, particularly in Southeast Asia. To better understand factors associated with HIV infection, we evaluated correlates of newly diagnosed HIV infection in these two populations in Greater Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A total of 469 women (CWSW: n = 283; TWSW: n = 186) were included in this study. Most participants who tested HIV+ were unaware of their infection (59.6%; n = 34\/57). Separate binary and multivariable logistic regressions were conducted to identify correlates of newly diagnosed HIV in CWSWs and TWSWs. Among CWSWs, Chlamydia trachomatis (aOR = 5.66; p = 0.007) and lifetime use of ecstasy\/MDMA (aOR = 5.34; p = 0.03) were associated with newly diagnosed HIV, while condomless vaginal sex with clients was associated with lower likelihood of HIV infection (aOR = 0.98; p = 0.01). Among TWSWs, being single (aOR = 6.76; p = 0.03), using mobile application to solicit clients (aOR = 25.33; p = 0.006), and having C. trachomatis infection (aOR = 88.22, p = 0.02) were associated with newly diagnosed HIV. Expansion of HIV\/sexually transmitted infection screening is needed to increase detection of HIV and linkage to care for sex workers. Interventions to reduce HIV infection among CWSWs and TWSWs should be tailored to these populations\u2019 unique vulnerabilities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462420970417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]],"date-time":"2021-03-22T21:04:45Z","timestamp":1616447085000},"page":"609-619","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Correlates of newly diagnosed HIV infection among cisgender women sex workers and transgender women sex workers in Greater Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1305-8362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melinda","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, AIDS Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8727-4826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sin How","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Britton A","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University, North Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iskandar","family":"Azwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas E","family":"Guadamuz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Society and Health, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frederick L","family":"Altice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, AIDS Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adeeba","family":"Kamarulzaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, AIDS Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7701-9162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey A","family":"Wickersham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, AIDS Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0956462420970417","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60931-4"},{"key":"bibr2-0956462420970417","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31816e3971"},{"key":"bibr3-0956462420970417","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60933-8"},{"key":"bibr4-0956462420970417","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70315-8"},{"key":"bibr5-0956462420970417","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000662"},{"key":"bibr6-0956462420970417","unstructured":"United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS). 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