{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:42:21Z","timestamp":1777927341038,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]],"date-time":"2021-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613088000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011319","name":"Skin Treatment and Research Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011314","name":"Sir John Fisher Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011314","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The pathogenesis of penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PeIN) is unclear but human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and polymorphisms in human leucocyte antigen (HLA). Objectives: To examine the prevalence of HPV DNA and HLA in PeIN. Methods: Adult Caucasian men with a clinical and histological diagnosis of PeIN, that is, Bowenoid papulosis (BP), Bowen\u2019s disease of penis (BDP) and erythroplasia of Queyrat (EQ) were selected and phenotyped from the clinical records. DNA was extracted from blood and paraffin-embedded sections for HLA and HPV typing, respectively. Human leucocyte antigen allele frequencies were compared with those derived from the UK\u2013based Caucasian population. Results: Seventy-two cases of PeIN (20 BP, 34 BDP and 18 EQ) were studied. Human papillomavirus DNA was identified in 65\/72 (90.2%) PeIN; Alphapapillomavirus types were detected in 62\/72 (85%) followed by Betapapillomavirus types in 9\/72 (12.5%) and cutaneous types in 7\/72 (9.7%); HPV16 was the most prevalent genotype at 35\/72 (48.6%) followed by HPV33 at 7\/72 (9.7%); multiple infections were seen in 18\/72 (25%) PeIN. HLA-C*15 (Bonferroni corrected p = 0.049) confers susceptibility to PeIN, whereas HLA-DQA1*01 (corrected p = 0.02) protects against PeIN. HPV16-associated PeIN cases showed no statistically significant association with HLA genotype after multiple corrections. Conclusion: Human papillomavirus is involved in the pathogenesis of PeIN. Immunogenotype may play a role in the pathogenesis of PeIN.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462420970727","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,13]],"date-time":"2021-02-13T07:38:40Z","timestamp":1613201920000},"page":"388-395","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The prevalence of human leucocyte antigen and human papillomavirus DNA in penile intraepithelial neoplasia in England 2011\u20132012"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8967-9811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tang Ngee","family":"Shim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Department, University College Hospital, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine A","family":"Harwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cutaneous Research and Cell Biology, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven GE","family":"Marsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anthony Nolan Research Institute and University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frances M","family":"Gotch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Department, Imperial College, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wim","family":"Quint","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DDL Diagnostic Laboratory, Rijswijk, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maurits N","family":"de Koning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DDL Diagnostic Laboratory, Rijswijk, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Francis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Department, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Jameson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Department, University College London Hospital, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Freeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Department, University College London Hospital, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suks","family":"Minhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andrology Centre and the Institute of Urology, University College London Hospital, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asif","family":"Muneer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andrology Centre and the Institute of Urology, University College London Hospital, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Dinneen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Department, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher B","family":"Bunker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Department, University College Hospital, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0956462420970727","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2000.00069.x"},{"key":"bibr2-0956462420970727","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2613.2008.00636.x"},{"key":"bibr3-0956462420970727","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)62506-0"},{"key":"bibr4-0956462420970727","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30682-X"},{"key":"bibr5-0956462420970727","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.07961.x"},{"key":"bibr6-0956462420970727","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02122-09"},{"key":"bibr7-0956462420970727","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65688-X"},{"key":"bibr8-0956462420970727","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.8.2508-2517.1999"},{"key":"bibr9-0956462420970727","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.44.5.1792-1800.2006"},{"key":"bibr10-0956462420970727","volume-title":"DNeasy blood & tissue handbook 07\/2006","author":"Qiagen","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr11-0956462420970727","volume-title":"The allele frequency net database","author":"Allele Frequencies in Worldwide Populations"},{"key":"bibr12-0956462420970727","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/41.10.1183"},{"key":"bibr13-0956462420970727","unstructured":"Carter V. 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