{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:42:24Z","timestamp":1777927344932,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]],"date-time":"2021-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613001600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Syphilis data from low- and middle-income countries are lacking due to limited testing. Point-of-care tests (POCTs) have been promoted to expand testing but previously only included treponemal tests, which cannot distinguish active from past infection. We aimed to assess the feasibility of using a combined treponemal and non-treponemal POCT in HIV clinic patients in Gaborone, Botswana, and estimate syphilis prevalence in our clinic sample using this approach. We recruited 390 non-pregnant patients. Participants underwent a combined treponemal and non-treponemal POCT (Dual Path Platform (DPP\u00ae) Syphilis Screen and Confirm Assay (Chembio Diagnostic Systems)) on finger-prick blood sample and a questionnaire. Median age 45\u00a0years, 30% men, median CD4 count 565\u00a0cells\/\u03bcL, and 91% had an HIV viral load &lt;400\u00a0copies\/mL. Five participants had active syphilis (1.3%, 95% CI 0.5\u20133.0%) and 64 had previous syphilis (16.4%, 95% CI 13.0\u201320.4%) using the DPP POCT. There was a reasonable level of agreement between digital and visual reading of the POCT (kappa statistic of 0.81); however, visual reading missed three active infections (60%). The level of active syphilis was similar to local antenatal data. The DPP POCT led to five participants with active syphilis being diagnosed and starting same-day treatment. The digital reader should be used.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462420975639","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,13]],"date-time":"2021-02-13T07:04:10Z","timestamp":1613199850000},"page":"453-461","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Using a dual antibody point-of-care test with visual and digital reads to diagnose syphilis among people living with HIV in Botswana"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Irfaan","family":"Maan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5439-4039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David S","family":"Lawrence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK"},{"name":"Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nametso","family":"Tlhako","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kehumile","family":"Ramontshonyana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botswana University of Pennsylvania Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aamirah","family":"Mussa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriane","family":"Wynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases & Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Marks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK"},{"name":"Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Doreen","family":"Ramogola-Masire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chelsea","family":"Morroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana"},{"name":"Botswana University of Pennsylvania Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana"},{"name":"Department of International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0956462420975639","volume-title":"Report on Global Sexually Transmitted Infection Surveillance","author":"WHO","year":"2018"},{"key":"bibr2-0956462420975639","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40471-018-0138-z"},{"key":"bibr3-0956462420975639","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.18.228486"},{"key":"bibr4-0956462420975639","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(16)30135-8"},{"key":"bibr5-0956462420975639","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.12.107623"},{"key":"bibr6-0956462420975639","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(04)01061-8"},{"key":"bibr7-0956462420975639","unstructured":"Health BMO. Botswana second generation antenatal sentinel surveillance technical report. In: Health BMO (ed). Gaborone, Botswana: Department of HIV and AIDS Prevention and Care, 2009, p.84."},{"key":"bibr8-0956462420975639","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002082"},{"key":"bibr9-0956462420975639","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-014-0858-0"},{"key":"bibr10-0956462420975639","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000160"},{"key":"bibr11-0956462420975639","volume-title":"Country Factsheet - Botswana","author":"UNAIDS","year":"2018"},{"key":"bibr12-0956462420975639","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/508865"},{"key":"bibr13-0956462420975639","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(16)00037-0"},{"key":"bibr14-0956462420975639","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2003.01076.x"},{"key":"bibr15-0956462420975639","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2002.004101"},{"key":"bibr16-0956462420975639","volume-title":"Global health sector strategy on sexually transmitted infections 2016-2021","author":"WHO","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr17-0956462420975639","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30724-2"},{"key":"bibr18-0956462420975639","unstructured":"WHO. WHO information note on the use of dual HIV\/syphilis rapid diagnostic tests (RDT). In: Research DoRHa, (ed.). Geneva: World Health Organization, 2017, p.8."},{"key":"bibr19-0956462420975639","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00624-10"},{"key":"bibr20-0956462420975639","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2015.04.007"},{"key":"bibr21-0956462420975639","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw348"},{"key":"bibr22-0956462420975639","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2016-053065"},{"key":"bibr23-0956462420975639","first-page":"91","volume":"31","author":"Ganiyu A","year":"2016","journal-title":"South Afr J Infect Dis"},{"key":"bibr24-0956462420975639","first-page":"4980417","volume":"2016","author":"Mutagoma M","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"bibr25-0956462420975639","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-0919-7"},{"key":"bibr26-0956462420975639","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091504"},{"key":"bibr27-0956462420975639","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002473"},{"key":"bibr28-0956462420975639","unstructured":"WHO. 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