{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T02:24:13Z","timestamp":1792290253276,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]],"date-time":"2021-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Although Vietnam has promoted the utilisation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) towards HIV elimination targets, adherence to treatment has remained under-investigated. We aimed to describe high-risk behaviours and clinical characteristics by adherence status and to identify the factors associated with non-adherence. We included 426 people living with HIV (PLWH) currently or previously involved in HAART. Most participants were men (75.4%), young (33.6\u00a0years), with low income and low education levels. Non-adherent PLWH (11.5%) were more likely to have a larger number of sex partners ( p-value = 0.053), sex without condom use ( p-value = 0.007) and not receive result at hospital or voluntary test centre ( p-value = 0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that demographic (education levels), sexual risk behaviours (multiple sex partners and sex without using condom) and clinical characteristics (time and facility at first time received HIV-positive result) were associated with HAART non-adherence. There are differences in associated factors between women (education levels and place of HIV testing) and men (multiple sex partners). Gender-specific programs, changing risky behaviours and reducing harms among PLWH may benefit adherence. We highlight the need to improve the quantity and quality of HIV\/AIDS services in Vietnam, especially in pre- and post-test counselling, to achieve better HAART adherence, working towards ending AIDS in 2030.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/09564624211002405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]],"date-time":"2021-04-16T14:26:34Z","timestamp":1618583194000},"page":"911-918","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV and associated high-risk behaviours and clinical characteristics: A cross-sectional survey in Vietnam"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Phuong M","family":"Le","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Public Health, St Luke\u2019s International University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5093-9767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phuong T","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Public Health, St Luke\u2019s International University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huy V","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Public Health, St Luke\u2019s International University, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duc H","family":"Bui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division on Surveillance, Monitoring, Evaluation and Laboratory, Vietnam Authority of HIV\/AIDS Control, Ministry of Health of Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Son H","family":"Vo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division on Surveillance, Monitoring, Evaluation and Laboratory, Vietnam Authority of HIV\/AIDS Control, Ministry of Health of Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nga V","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division on Surveillance, Monitoring, Evaluation and Laboratory, Vietnam Authority of HIV\/AIDS Control, Ministry of Health of Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tien V","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thai Binh Medical University, Thai Binh, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anh TN","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anh DM","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyet MT","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monitoring and Evaluation Department, Center for Community Health Research and Development, Hanoi, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"An TM","family":"Dao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart","family":"Gilmour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Public Health, St Luke\u2019s International University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-09564624211002405","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61113-7"},{"key":"bibr2-09564624211002405","volume-title":"The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS). 90-90-90: An Ambitious Treatment Target to Help End the AIDS Epidemic","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr3-09564624211002405","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283574e54"},{"key":"bibr4-09564624211002405","unstructured":"The World Health Organization(WHO). 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