{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T00:26:33Z","timestamp":1780100793555,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]],"date-time":"2022-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"President\u2019s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","award":["5U01GH002133-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5U01GH002133-02"]}]},{"name":"Harvard Medical School Center for Global Health Delivery\u2013Dubai","award":["65234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["65234"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HIV testing efficiency could be improved by focusing on high yield populations and identifying types of health facilities where people with undiagnosed HIV infection are more likely to attend.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cohort analysis of data collected during an integrated TB\/HIV active case-finding intervention in Western Kenya. Data were analyzed from health facilities\u2019 registers on individuals who reported TB-suggestive symptoms between 1 July and 31 December 2018 and who had an HIV test result within one month following symptom screening. We used logistic regression with general estimating equations adjusting for sub-county level data to identify health facility-level predictors of new HIV diagnoses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 11,376 adults with presumptive TB identified in 143 health facilities, 1038 (9%) tested HIV positive. The median HIV positivity per health facility was 6% (IQR = 2\u201315%). Patients with TB symptoms were over three times as likely to have a new HIV diagnosis in private not-for-profit facilities compared to those in government facilities (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.40; 95% CI = 1.96\u20135.90). Patients tested in hospitals were over two times as likely to have a new HIV diagnosis as those tested in smaller facilities (i.e., health centers and dispensaries) (aOR 2.26; 95% CI = 1.60\u20133.21).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Individuals with presumptive TB who attended larger health facilities and private not-for-profit facilities had a higher likelihood of being newly diagnosed with HIV. Strengthening HIV services at these facilities and outreach to populations that use them could help to close the HIV diagnosis gap.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09564624221076953","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]],"date-time":"2022-02-28T07:15:53Z","timestamp":1646032553000},"page":"485-491","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Reaching 95-95-95 targets: The role of private sector health facilities in closing the HIV detection gap\u2014Kisumu Kenya, 2018"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1634-0531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dickens","family":"Onyango","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kisumu County Department of Health, Kisumu, Kenya"},{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium"},{"name":"Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Mchembere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Agaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin P","family":"Cain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diederick E","family":"Grobbee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4778-6739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianne AB","family":"van der Sande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium"},{"name":"Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5219-2599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Courtney M","family":"Yuen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-09564624221076953","volume-title":"Understanding Fast-Track: Accelerating Action to End the AIDS Epidemic by 2030","author":"Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS)","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr2-09564624221076953","volume-title":"UNAIDS Data 2020","author":"Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS)","year":"2021"},{"key":"bibr3-09564624221076953","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32835b7048"},{"key":"bibr4-09564624221076953","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002096"},{"key":"bibr5-09564624221076953","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002354"},{"key":"bibr6-09564624221076953","volume-title":"Preliminary KENPHIA 2018 Report","author":"National 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