{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:43:14Z","timestamp":1777927394655,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]],"date-time":"2022-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651190400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012155","name":"National Institute for Medical Research Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["982949"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["982949"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection occurring worldwide. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae and associated molecular epidemiological studies are crucial to ascertain the spread of antibiotic-resistant and developing the local treatment guidelines. This study was performed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) and molecular epidemiology of N. gonorrhoeae isolates in Tehran, Iran. During 1 July 2018\u201330 July 2020, a total of 500 urogenital (468 endocervical, 32 urethral) swabs were collected from patients with signs and symptoms of genitourinary infections presenting to two women's hospitals and one health center located center and south of Tehran. Specimens were cultured and examined for the presence of N. gonorrhoeae isolates by biochemical tests. MIC Test Strip determined the MICs of ceftriaxone, azithromycin, and ciprofloxacin. Neisseria gonorrhoeae multiantigen sequence typing (NG-MAST) was also performed. A total of 38\u00a0 N. gonorrhoeae isolates were identified. The proportions of resistant N. gonorrhoeae isolates were as follows: ceftriaxone (MIC \u22650.125\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL) 10.5% (4\/38), azithromycin (MIC &gt;1\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL) 34% (13\/38), and ciprofloxacin (MIC \u22651\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL) 31.5% (12\/38). In total, 25 different NG-MAST STs were identified. The STs comprised 1\u20134 isolates each, and the predominant ST was ST266 ( n = 4). Our study demonstrates a diverse gonococcal population with high rates of resistance to azithromycin and evidence of resistance to ceftriaxone. The results have potential implications for antibiotic choice for the gonococcal treatment and highlight the need to broaden gonococcal AMR monitoring in Iran.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/09564624221091746","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]],"date-time":"2022-04-29T06:22:52Z","timestamp":1651213372000},"page":"660-665","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and molecular characterization of\n                    <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/i>\n                    in Tehran, Iran"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Pouria","family":"Zolfaghari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amir Darb","family":"Emamie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammadreza","family":"Rajabpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atefe","family":"Zarei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David M","family":"Whiley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1280-5765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Reza","family":"Pourmand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gholamreza","family":"Pourmand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-09564624221091746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.18.228486"},{"key":"bibr2-09564624221091746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14737159.2022.2015329"},{"key":"bibr3-09564624221091746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01171-20"},{"key":"bibr4-09564624221091746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9010010"},{"key":"bibr5-09564624221091746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3217"},{"key":"bibr6-09564624221091746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462420922462"},{"key":"bibr7-09564624221091746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002499"},{"key":"bibr8-09564624221091746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462419886775"},{"key":"bibr9-09564624221091746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6950a6"},{"key":"bibr10-09564624221091746","volume-title":"WHO guidelines for the treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr11-09564624221091746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-1029-2"},{"key":"bibr12-09564624221091746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18203\/2320-1770.ijrcog20160557"},{"key":"bibr13-09564624221091746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002344"},{"key":"bibr14-09564624221091746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1995-7645.250338"},{"key":"bibr15-09564624221091746","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/383047"},{"key":"bibr16-09564624221091746","volume-title":"Performance standard for antimicrobial testing. 30th ed. 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