{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:43:26Z","timestamp":1777927406989,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]],"date-time":"2022-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657238400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study estimates prevalence of depression and anxiety among adults living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) and determines its associated factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional study was conducted between August 2020 and January 2021, in the Infectious Disease clinic and ward. One hundred ninety-one patients were recruited via convenience sampling. Patients\u2019 sociodemographic were obtained, followed by Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale -21 (DASS-21), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and M.I.N.I. international neuropsychiatric interview (M.I.N.I.) The cut off DASS-21 point for depression is \u22655, for anxiety, \u2265 4. Mann-Whitney U and Chi square test were used to analyse the association between variables, and logistic regression to find predictability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 191 participants, 89.5% outpatient, mean age 40\u00a0years (SD 0.742), 91.1% male, 65.4% single, 71.2% working, 46.1% Malaysian Chinese, 59.8% non- heterosexual, mean 6\u00a0years of being HIV positive; mean CD4 count 449\/\u03bcL; mean viral load 116,690 (median = 20). 85.9% were taking antiretroviral therapy. The prevalence of depression was 35.1% ( n = 67); anxiety was 42.9% ( n = 82). Regression analysis revealed anxiety and stress increased odds of depression by 3.8 times ( p = .001) and 12 times ( p &lt; .001) respectively. Those 40\u00a0years old and younger had 2.3 times odds of anxiety ( p = .048). Increased social support from friends increased odds of anxiety by 1.7 times ( p = .018). Depression and stress increased odds of anxiety by 4.4 times ( p = .001) and 3.7 times ( p = .008) respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Depression and anxiety among people with HIV is often under-recognised. Early identification and treatment of the mental illness is warranted. Screening with DASS-21 is useful to detect depression in patients with HIV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09564624221106528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]],"date-time":"2022-07-08T09:47:57Z","timestamp":1657273677000},"page":"880-889","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The prevalence of depression, anxiety and associated factors among adults with living human immunodeficiency virus in University Malaya Medical Centre"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3060-0878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jen Yeung","family":"Ong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychological Medicine, University Malaya Centre for Addiction Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 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