{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:06:11Z","timestamp":1790665571953,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]],"date-time":"2023-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Gay sex workers (GSWs) within the population of men who have sex with men in China are known as money boys (MBs). Limited research has been conducted to investigate the infection rate and antimicrobial resistance of\n Mycoplasma genitalium<\/jats:italic>\n (\n M. genitalium<\/jats:italic>\n ) among GSWs in China. This study aimed to evaluate the status of\n M. genitalium<\/jats:italic>\n infection among in GSWs.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n This study was performed among 349 GSWs who were followed up for four years by internet-based sampling collection. The participants were asked to complete an online questionnaire using a mobile app, and trained interviewers took urethral, anorectal, and saliva swab specimens. STIs, including HIV and\n M. genitalium<\/jats:italic>\n , were detected. Detection of resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) to macrolides and fluoroquinolones was performed via Sanger sequencing of the 23S rRNA,\n parC<\/jats:italic>\n and\n gyrA<\/jats:italic>\n genes.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n GSWs were enrolled by identifying 10 initial \u201cseeds\u201d from the Blued and WeChat apps. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 349 GSWs from June 2017 to July 2021. The prevalence of\n M. genitalium<\/jats:italic>\n and HIV positivity was 92\/349 (26.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 21.7\u201331.0) and 71\/349 (20.3%, 95% CI 16.3-24.4), respectively. The proportion of GSWs with\n M. genitalium<\/jats:italic>\n infection alone in urethral swabs was 16, and the proportion with symptoms was 2\/16 (12.5%). The proportion of GSWs with\n M. genitalium<\/jats:italic>\n infection alone in anorectal swabs was 36, and the proportion with symptoms was 3\/36 (8.3%). Multivariate regression analysis showed that using new types of drugs in the past 3 months and inconsistent condom usage with clients in the past 30 days were associated with\n M. genitalium<\/jats:italic>\n infection. Macrolide resistance within the 23S rRNA gene was detected in 73\/88 (83.0%) of the\n M. genitalium<\/jats:italic>\n -positive GSWs. Moreover, 79.8% (71\/89) of\n parC<\/jats:italic>\n and 21.1% (19\/90) of\n gyrA<\/jats:italic>\n genes had mutations responsible for fluoroquinolone resistance. Three cases had no mutations in any of the three genes, 11 cases had mutations in all three genes, five cases had\n gyrA<\/jats:italic>\n and\n parC<\/jats:italic>\n gene mutations with no mutation in the 23S rRNA gene, and 42 cases had 23S rRNA and\n parC<\/jats:italic>\n gene mutations with no mutation in the\n gyrA<\/jats:italic>\n gene.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n M. genitalium<\/jats:italic>\n infections in our study displayed a high prevalence and very high levels of macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance among GSWs in China. Asymptomatic\n M. genitalium<\/jats:italic>\n infections are quite common among GSWs. Routine resistance testing of\n M. genitalium<\/jats:italic>\n -positive specimens and antimicrobial resistance surveillance are crucial.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09564624231160676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]],"date-time":"2023-03-17T09:45:19Z","timestamp":1679046319000},"page":"518-524","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Prevalence of\n Mycoplasma genitalium<\/i>\n infection with antimicrobial resistance mutations among gay sex workers in China"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Lixin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuan","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuanxuan","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongye","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1889-7218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2019.305380"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(19)30333-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001174"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000304700.85379.f3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0048025"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.000830"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30506-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-1045-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1388-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462417738468"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-011-0362-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz294"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60801-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2019-054351"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2019-054310"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4138-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.09.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00850-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2106.142013"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2504.181258"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-195"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14288"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4414\/smw.2020.20393"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2016.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"HIV risk, prevention, and testing behaviors among men who have sex with men--National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System, 21 U.S. cities, United States, 2008","volume":"60","author":"Finlayson TJ","year":"2011","unstructured":"Finlayson TJ, Le B, Smith A, et al. 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