{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:44:02Z","timestamp":1777927442601,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]],"date-time":"2023-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680652800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH116768"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH116768"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Women engaged in commercial sex work (WESW) are at a higher risk of acquiring and transmitting HIV. WESW are highly mobile, and their mobility may increase their economic status, and increased access to healthcare and other social services. However, it may also facilitate the spread of HIV infection from higher to lower prevalence regions. This study examined the predictors of mobility among WESW in Uganda using a generalized estimating equations model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We defined and measured mobility as the change in residence by WESW between baseline, 6\u00a0months, and 12\u00a0months follow-up. Participants who changed places were considered mobile, and those who never changed were non-mobile. We used data from a longitudinal study, which recruited 542 WESW from Southern Uganda aged 18\u201355\u00a0years and constructed a Generalized Estimating Equations Model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings show that 19.6% of WESW changed residence between baseline and 6\u00a0months of follow-up and 26.2% (cumulative) between baseline and 12\u00a0months of follow-up. Older women (OR = 0.966, 95% CI = 0.935, 0.997) were associated with decreased odds of mobility, whereas WESW who were HIV positive (OR = 1.475, 95% CI = 1.078, 2.018) and those from large households (OR = 1.066, 95% CI = 1.001, 1.134) were associated with increased odds of mobility. WESW residing in rural areas (OR = 0.535, 95% CI = 0.351, 0.817) were associated with decreased odds of mobility compared to those from fishing sites.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results indicate risk factors for mobility, further research is needed to determine the directionality of these factors in order to design interventions addressing mobility among WESW.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09564624231167910","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]],"date-time":"2023-04-05T14:30:08Z","timestamp":1680705008000},"page":"633-640","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Predictors of mobility among women engaged in commercial sex work in Uganda using generalized estimating equations model"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7264-6976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua","family":"Kiyingi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University in St Louis Brown School, International Center for Child Health and Development (ICHAD), St Louis, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan S","family":"Witte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University, School of Social Work, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9088-5839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Proscovia","family":"Nabunya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University in St Louis Brown School, International Center for Child Health and Development (ICHAD), St Louis, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Nsubuga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University in St Louis Brown School, International Center for Child Health and Development (ICHAD), St Louis, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ozge","family":"Sensoy Bahar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University in St Louis Brown School, International Center for Child Health and Development (ICHAD), St Louis, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Larissa Jennings","family":"Mayo-Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Kizito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University in St Louis Brown School, International Center for Child Health and Development (ICHAD), St Louis, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Nattabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University in St Louis Brown School, International Center for Child Health and Development (ICHAD), St Louis, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Josephine","family":"Nabayinda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University in St Louis Brown School, International Center for Child Health and Development (ICHAD), St Louis, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fred M","family":"Ssewamala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University in St Louis Brown School, International Center for Child Health and Development (ICHAD), St Louis, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-09564624231167910","volume-title":"Uganda HIV -AIDS fact sheet","author":"UNAIDS","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr2-09564624231167910","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02084300"},{"key":"bibr3-09564624231167910","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2989\/16085906.2016.1255652"},{"key":"bibr4-09564624231167910","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0236052"},{"key":"bibr5-09564624231167910","unstructured":"UNAIDS. UNAIDS Data. Geneva: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS, 2021. C3."},{"key":"bibr6-09564624231167910","unstructured":"Uganda AIDS Commission. Uganda population based HIV impact assessment. Kampala: Uphia [Internet]. 2017;(August 2017):62\u201365. Available from: https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/UPHIA.Ugand.factsheet.pdf"},{"key":"bibr7-09564624231167910","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0273238"},{"key":"bibr8-09564624231167910","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-014-9888-1"},{"key":"bibr9-09564624231167910","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-011-9985-z"},{"key":"bibr10-09564624231167910","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.11.027"},{"key":"bibr11-09564624231167910","volume-title":"conference MB 25th I, Tours undefined, 2005 undefined. Measuring temporary mobility: dimensions and issues. demoscope.ru [Internet]","author":"Brown D"},{"key":"bibr12-09564624231167910","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.06.017"},{"key":"bibr13-09564624231167910","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260519846858"},{"key":"bibr14-09564624231167910","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-198"},{"key":"bibr15-09564624231167910","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13691058.2011.628411"},{"key":"bibr16-09564624231167910","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-022-03837-9"},{"key":"bibr17-09564624231167910","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-019-00457-2"},{"key":"bibr18-09564624231167910","first-page":"1","volume":"1","author":"Jaffer M","year":"2022","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"bibr19-09564624231167910","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-043078"},{"key":"bibr20-09564624231167910","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-9483-6_9"},{"key":"bibr21-09564624231167910","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2060063"},{"key":"bibr22-09564624231167910","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40878-020-00210-4"},{"key":"bibr23-09564624231167910","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JHM-D-17-00219"},{"key":"bibr24-09564624231167910","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2012.696285"},{"key":"bibr25-09564624231167910","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-019-0807-1"},{"issue":"0","key":"bibr26-09564624231167910","first-page":"1","volume":"17","author":"Nabunya P","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glob Public Health [Internet]"},{"issue":"03","key":"bibr27-09564624231167910","first-page":"595","volume-title":"Psychological Medicine","volume":"13","author":"Derogatis LR","year":"1983"},{"key":"bibr28-09564624231167910","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2004.04.005"},{"key":"bibr29-09564624231167910","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-018-2268-1"},{"key":"bibr30-09564624231167910","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2016.1176681"},{"key":"bibr31-09564624231167910","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260508317176"},{"key":"bibr32-09564624231167910","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0252728"},{"key":"bibr33-09564624231167910","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932015000267"},{"key":"bibr34-09564624231167910","volume-title":"Old age financial security in the informal sector: sex work in India","author":"Mahal A","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr35-09564624231167910","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/095646203322556147"},{"key":"bibr36-09564624231167910","volume-title":"Patterns of migration\/mobility and HIV risk among female sex workers: Andhra Pradesh 2007-08. HIV and AIDS","author":"Verma Hanimi RK","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr37-09564624231167910","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-764"},{"key":"bibr38-09564624231167910","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-012-9758-4"},{"key":"bibr39-09564624231167910","volume-title":"Economic and Political Weekly EPW july 11","author":"Raju S","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr40-09564624231167910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pachauri S, Pachauri A, Mittal K. Female sex work dynamics: empowerment, mobilization, mobility. SpringerBriefs in Public Health [Internet]. Singapore: Springer, 2022:43\u201360. [cited 2022 Aug 15]. Available from: https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-981-16-4578-5_4","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-4578-5_4"},{"key":"bibr41-09564624231167910","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2009.009421"},{"key":"bibr42-09564624231167910","volume-title":"The status fishing communities in buikwe district Uganda","author":"Ssebisubi M","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr43-09564624231167910","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2019.05.002"},{"key":"bibr44-09564624231167910","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0249465"}],"container-title":["International Journal of STD &amp; AIDS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/09564624231167910","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/09564624231167910","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/09564624231167910","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:44:34Z","timestamp":1777675474000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/09564624231167910"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/09564624231167910"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/09564624231167910","relation":{},"ISSN":["0956-4624","1758-1052"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0956-4624","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1052","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]]}}}