{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:44:02Z","timestamp":1777927442730,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]],"date-time":"2023-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687478400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recent reports indicate increasing gonorrhoea and chlamydia among female sex workers (FSWs) in Australia, with decreasing condom use for oral sex.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We determined trends in prevalence and positivity of gonorrhoea and chlamydia among FSWs attending our clinic from 2005 to 2019, by analysing data from medical and pathology records. We conducted a sensitivity analysis by using an alternative prevalence definition of first test result only per calendar year.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Prevalence of gonorrhoea (all sites: pharynx, genital, rectal) increased from 1\/130 (0.8%) in 2005 to 14\/166 (8.4%) in 2012, to 31\/257 (12.1%) in 2019; rate ratio (RR) 1.19, 95%CI 1.14\u20131.24, p\n                      <jats:sub>trend<\/jats:sub>\n                      &lt; 0.001. There were rising trends for pharyngeal (RR 1.11, 95% CI 1.05\u20131.17, p\n                      <jats:sub>trend<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 0.001) and genital gonorrhoea (RR 1.17, 95% CI 1.08\u20131.26, p\n                      <jats:sub>trend<\/jats:sub>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Prevalence of chlamydia (all sites) increased from 4\/130 (3.1%) in 2005 to 8\/166 (4.8%) in 2012, to 20\/257 (7.8%) in 2019; RR 1.05, 95%CI 1.01\u20131.09, p\n                      <jats:sub>trend<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 0.006. This rise reflected predominately pharyngeal chlamydia (RR 1.16, 95%CI 1.04\u20131.29, p\n                      <jats:sub>trend<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 0.004). Qualitatively similar trends with similar significant results, were seen for gonococcal and chlamydial infections in the sensitivity analyses, indicating robustness of results to potential changes in testing frequency. Gonorrhoea and chlamydia were significantly associated with FSWs born in China. Chlamydia was significantly associated with age group 18\u201325. In the 2015\u20132019 period, of 89 women with gonococcal infections, 56 (62.9%) were pharyngeal-only; of 93 with chlamydial infections, 32 (34.4%) were pharyngeal-only infections.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>FSWs require screening for pharyngeal as well as genital infections. Enhanced and sustainable health promotion is required.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09564624231173024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,24]],"date-time":"2023-06-24T07:41:50Z","timestamp":1687592510000},"page":"869-875","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Increasing prevalence of gonorrhoea and chlamydia among female sex workers in northern Sydney, 2005\u20132019"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3712-8425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J","family":"Cotter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northern Sydney Sexual Health Service, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H","family":"McManus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kirby Institute, University of NSW, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Vickers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kirby Institute, University of NSW, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northern Sydney Sexual Health Service, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0254-6627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"SC","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northern Sydney Sexual Health Service, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-09564624231173024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.05.1229"},{"key":"bibr2-09564624231173024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-008-9396-z"},{"key":"bibr3-09564624231173024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/blt.08.059212"},{"key":"bibr4-09564624231173024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1984.tb104034.x"},{"key":"bibr5-09564624231173024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.67.5.384"},{"key":"bibr6-09564624231173024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.72.1.47"},{"key":"bibr7-09564624231173024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1991.tb119445.x"},{"key":"bibr8-09564624231173024","volume-title":"The sex industry in new south wales: a report to the NSW ministry of health","author":"Donovan B","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr9-09564624231173024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/NB10013"},{"key":"bibr10-09564624231173024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/09564624211040951"},{"key":"bibr11-09564624231173024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2011-050430"},{"key":"bibr12-09564624231173024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/SH17205"},{"key":"bibr13-09564624231173024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2018.00342"},{"key":"bibr14-09564624231173024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000714"},{"key":"bibr15-09564624231173024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2018-053957"},{"key":"bibr16-09564624231173024","unstructured":"NSW Government Communities and Justice. Northern Sydney District Data Profile. Sydney, Australia: NSW Government. Available at: https:\/\/www.facs.nsw.gov.au\/download?file=725851 (Accessed 17 October 2020)."},{"key":"bibr17-09564624231173024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17265\/2159-5313\/2016.09.003"},{"key":"bibr18-09564624231173024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00313020500254552"},{"key":"bibr19-09564624231173024","volume-title":"Sex worker health surveillance: a report to the new south wales ministry of health","author":"Callander D","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr20-09564624231173024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/SH19037"},{"key":"bibr21-09564624231173024","unstructured":"SafeWork NSW 2020. Health and safety guidelines for sex services premises in NSW. Sydney, Australia: NSW Government. Available at: https:\/\/safework.nsw.gov.au\/resource-library\/other-services\/health-and-safety-guidelines-for-sex-services-premises-in-nsw (Accessed 17 October 2020)."},{"key":"bibr22-09564624231173024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.17.25.20200-en"},{"key":"bibr23-09564624231173024","volume-title":"Global action plan to control the spread and impact of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2012"}],"container-title":["International Journal of STD &amp; AIDS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/09564624231173024","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/09564624231173024","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/09564624231173024","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:44:37Z","timestamp":1777675477000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/09564624231173024"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/09564624231173024"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/09564624231173024","relation":{},"ISSN":["0956-4624","1758-1052"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0956-4624","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1052","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]]}}}