{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T20:42:53Z","timestamp":1778532173446,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]],"date-time":"2023-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687219200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21 HD100821-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 HD100821-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We describe 12 cases of chlamydial ophthalmia neonatorum and the current scientific evidence on its prevention and treatment. The data presented were obtained from the \u201cMaduo\u201d study, a prospective observational study of the relationship between curable sexually transmitted infections and adverse neonatal outcomes at four antenatal clinics in Gaborone, Botswana.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Infants of mothers with perinatal chlamydia infection were evaluated for chlamydial ophthalmia neonatorum based on clinical presentation of conjunctivitis or positive test via GeneXpert CT\/NG assay. Data on 29 infants born to mothers with postnatal C. trachomatis infection were analysed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>12 infants were diagnosed with chlamydial ophthalmia neonatorum. Eight of those cases were confirmed with the GeneXpert CT\/NG assay while four were identified as probable cases based on clinical history and presentation. Overall, nine infants presented with signs of conjunctivitis, while three who had a positive diagnostic test result had asymptomatic infection. All but one infant had received ocular 1% tetracycline prophylaxis at birth, and four infants had signs suggestive of chlamydial pneumonia at presentation. Two out of five symptomatic cases whose mothers reported completion of their treatment course with erythromycin had lingering symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings affirm that the current prophylaxis and treatment modalities for chlamydial ophthalmia neonatorum are inadequate. To the extent feasible in low- and middle-income countries, we recommend implementation of routine C. trachomatis screening and treatment in pregnant women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09564624231173028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]],"date-time":"2023-06-20T07:50:36Z","timestamp":1687247436000},"page":"860-868","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Case series and literature review of chlamydial ophthalmia neonatorum in Botswana"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1030-2729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chibuzor M","family":"Babalola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keck School of Medicine, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9152-5686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aamirah","family":"Mussa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana"},{"name":"Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriane","family":"Wynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Diego, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, La Jolla, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Selebaleng","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bame","family":"Bame","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chelsea","family":"Morroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana"},{"name":"MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6922-7364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey D","family":"Klausner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keck School of Medicine, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-09564624231173028","volume-title":"Neonatal conjunctivitis","author":"Makker K","year":"2022"},{"key":"bibr2-09564624231173028","volume-title":"Ophthalmia neonatorum","author":"Castro Ochoa KJ","year":"2022"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr3-09564624231173028","first-page":"227","volume":"79","author":"Gilbert C","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"bibr4-09564624231173028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0255-0857.58728"},{"key":"bibr5-09564624231173028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2333794x211019700"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr6-09564624231173028","first-page":"214","volume":"79","author":"Whitcher JP","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"bibr7-09564624231173028","volume-title":"Eye (conjunctivitis) in newborns | CDC","author":"CDC. 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