{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:24:02Z","timestamp":1791419042678,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686182400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DA037440"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA037440"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011072","name":"Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 AI050410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AI050410"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study aims to examine the factor structure, validity, and reliability of the combined scale Patient Health Questionnaire Anxiety and Depression Scale (PHQ-ADS) among people with HIV (PWH) in Vietnam.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Baseline data from an alcohol-reduction intervention trial among ART clients in Thai Nguyen, Vietnam were used for this analysis ( n = 1547). A score \u226510 on the PHQ-9, GAD-7 and PHQ-ADS scale was considered having clinically meaningful depression, anxiety and distress symptoms. Factor structure of the combined PHQ-ADS scale was validated using confirmatory factor analysis, and three models were tested: a one-factor, a two-factor, and a bi-factor model. Reliability and construct validity were examined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of clinically meaningful depression and anxiety symptoms was 7% and 2%, respectively, while 19% had distress symptoms. A bi-factor model had the best fit to the data (RMSEA = 0.048; CFI = 0.99; TLI = 0.98). The Omega index of the bi-factor model was 0.97. The scale showed good construct validity through negative associations between depression, anxiety, distress symptoms and quality of life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study supports the use of a combined scale to measure general distress for PWH, which has good validity, reliability and is unidimensional enough to justify the use of a composite depression and anxiety score.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09564624231180782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T03:27:05Z","timestamp":1686194825000},"page":"832-840","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Validation of the combined Patient Health Questionnaire Anxiety and Depression Scale among people with HIV in Vietnam"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9487-5654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minh X","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Zimmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl A","family":"Latkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2389-6973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathryn E","family":"Lancaster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 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