{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T00:22:10Z","timestamp":1792196530447,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009054","name":"US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GH001628, GH001989 and GH161718."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GH001628, GH001989 and GH161718."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We assessed trends in HIV and syphilis prevalence, HIV incidence, related risk factors, and preventive behaviors among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Vietnam from 2015 to 2020.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data originated from the HIV Sentinel Surveillance Plus system, which sampled MSM at venues and hotspots in seven of Vietnam\u2019s 63 provinces in 2015, 2016, 2018, and 2020 ( N = 1100-1445 per year; \u223c150-300 per province per year).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HIV prevalence estimates increased from 6.6% (95% CI 4.5\u20139.6) in 2015 to 13.8% (95% CI 10.5-18.2, p = .001 for trend) in 2020 overall, and separately in An Giang, Can Tho, Hai Phong, and Khanh Hoa provinces but not in Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi, or Kien Giang. Syphilis prevalence increased from 2.7% (95% CI 1.4-5.1) in 2015 to 12.6% (95% CI 8.7-18.0) in 2020 overall ( p &lt; .001 for trend), and separately in An Giang, Can Tho, and Hai Phong provinces but not in Ho Chi Minh City or Kien Giang. We calculated time-at-risk from first anal sex to first HIV-positive or last HIV-negative test to estimate HIV incidence. Estimated HIV incidence suggested increasing rates of seroconversion from 1.36 per 100 person-years experienced by participants in 2015 to 2.61 per 100 person-years among participants in 2020 (hazard ratio per year 1.13, 95% CI 1.08-1.18, p &lt; .001). There was a statistically significant increase in HIV testing, STI testing, and receipt of free condoms over the period ( p &lt; .05 for trend), and a statistically significant decrease in amphetamine use ( p = .043 for trend).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite prevention efforts and improvements in some risk indicators, consecutive cross-sectional sampling results provide evidence of increasing incidence of HIV and syphilis among MSM in Vietnam, especially outside the major cities. Aggressive HIV prevention and treatment services can be expanded while conducting deeper investigations into the causes of these increases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09564624231214583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T17:51:12Z","timestamp":1700070672000},"page":"197-205","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Increase in human immunodeficiency virus and syphilis prevalence and incidence among men who have sex with men, vietnam 2015 \u2013 2020"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Ha Thi","family":"Thanh Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7411-4850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ly Thuy","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hanoi, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ha Thi","family":"Thanh Hoang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duc Hoang","family":"Bui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vietnam Administration for HIV\/AIDS Control, Ministry of Heath, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huong Thi","family":"Thu Phan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vietnam Administration for HIV\/AIDS Control, Ministry of Heath, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5254-4064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nghia","family":"Van Khuu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pasteur Institute, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanh Thi","family":"Hong Ngo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duc Anh","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0478-3220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Mirzazadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4148-5660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Willi","family":"McFarland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thang Hong","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-09564624231214583","volume-title":"Fact sheet - latest global and regional statistics on the status of the AIDS epidemic","author":"UNAIDS","year":"2022"},{"key":"bibr2-09564624231214583","author":"UNAIDS","year":"2016","journal-title":"UNAIDS"},{"key":"bibr3-09564624231214583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2991\/jegh.k.210621.001"},{"key":"bibr4-09564624231214583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000571"},{"key":"bibr5-09564624231214583","volume-title":"HIV\/AIDS: Framer work for action in the WHO African region, 2016 - 2020","author":"WHO","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr6-09564624231214583","volume":"32","author":"Nan EMMK","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Health Research"},{"key":"bibr7-09564624231214583","volume-title":"Asia Region Operational Plan, ROP 2019 Strategic Direction Summary","author":"PEPFAR","year":"2019"},{"key":"bibr8-09564624231214583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.16.3.5.137.35527"},{"key":"bibr9-09564624231214583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2015.0049"},{"key":"bibr10-09564624231214583","author":"UNAIDS","year":"2020","journal-title":"UNAIDS"},{"key":"bibr11-09564624231214583","volume-title":"Country factsheets Vietnam","author":"UNAIDS","year":"2021"},{"key":"bibr12-09564624231214583","author":"Vietnam Ministry of Health (MOH)","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vietnam MOH"},{"key":"bibr13-09564624231214583","unstructured":"Vietnam Country Operational Plan (COP\/ROP). 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