{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:45:47Z","timestamp":1777927547230,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744588800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005564","name":"Gilead Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IN-UK-983-6053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IN-UK-983-6053"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affected people of Black ethnicities, however, there are limited data on the post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 infection in these populations, and none in those with HIV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a cross-sectional study in people of Black ethnicities with HIV in the UK. Participants were assessed for functional impairment, frailty, respiratory symptoms, anxiety and depression; they were also asked to rate aspects of their physical and mental health on a scale from 1 (poor) to 10 (excellent), both at enrolment and prior to the pandemic. We report associations with COVID-19 history and recovery status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We enrolled 183 participants between June 2021 and October 2022, 131 (72%) of whom reported COVID-19. A history of COVID-19 was associated with a reduced ability to carry out usual activities (OR 2.54 [1.03\u20136.21],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.04), an increase in pain, tiredness and breathlessness, and overall decline in physical health. Of those with a history of COVID-19, 111 (85%) reported to have fully recovered. Those who had not fully recovered reported poorer functional status (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) and had higher generalised anxiety scores (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.02). Objective measures of physical function were similar in those who reported no COVID-19, COVID-19 with full recovery, and COVID-19 with incomplete recovery.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this cohort of Black people with HIV, participants with a history of COVID-19 reported a reduced ability to carry out activities of daily living and various other health issues. Although most people reported full recovery from COVID-19, self-reported limitations in functional status and anxiety were common sequelae.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09564624251334227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T09:17:16Z","timestamp":1744622236000},"page":"602-610","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 in people of Black ethnicities living with HIV in the United Kingdom"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9425-7662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zoe","family":"Ottaway","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of HIV and Sexual Health, King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"},{"name":"School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King\u2019s College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of HIV and Sexual Health, King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"},{"name":"School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King\u2019s College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King\u2019s College London, London, UK"},{"name":"Department of Genitourinary Medicine and Infectious Disease, Guys and St Thomas\u2019s NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fiona M.","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of HIV Medicine, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"},{"name":"Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Hamzah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of HIV Medicine, St George\u2019s University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Schoeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genitourinary Medicine, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection and tropical medicine, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sexual Health &amp; HIV Medicine, University Hospital Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah L.","family":"Pett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK"},{"name":"Mortimer Market Centre, Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denis","family":"Onyango","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Africa Advocacy Foundation, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Sabin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2067-4291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert F.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK"},{"name":"Mortimer Market Centre, Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2844-1612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank A.","family":"Post","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of HIV and Sexual Health, King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"},{"name":"School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King\u2019s College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the COVID-AFRICA study group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00655-2020"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","first-page":"379","article-title":"Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 six to 12 months after infection: population based study","author":"Peter RS","year":"2022","unstructured":"Peter RS, Nieters A, Kr\u00e4usslich HG, et al. Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 six to 12 months after infection: population based study. BMJ 2022: 379. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/36229057\/","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(23)00239-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.17440"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3003.231194"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.12.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-024-00539-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00846-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00493-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_2","unstructured":"Prevalence of ongoing symptoms following coronavirus (COVID-19) infection in the UK - office for National Statistics 2024. https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/peoplepopulationandcommunity\/healthandsocialcare\/conditionsanddiseases\/bulletins\/prevalenceofongoingsymptomsfollowingcoronaviruscovid19infectionintheuk\/2february2023#prevalence-of-ongoing-symptoms-following-coronavirus-infection-in-the-uk-data"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2024.08.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_2","unstructured":"RECOVER clinical trials | home 2024. https:\/\/trials.recovercovid.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.41970"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-024-00549-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-16916-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2024.106235"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104552"},{"issue":"100630","key":"e_1_3_7_19_2","article-title":"Ethnicity and clinical outcomes in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Sze S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sze S, Pan D, Nevill CR, et al. Ethnicity and clinical outcomes in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine 2020; 29(100630).","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30922-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-042140"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-022-07997-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0312719"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2023.01.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7037a2"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26368"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25841"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_28_2","first-page":"19","article-title":"Understanding and addressing long-COVID among migrants and ethnic minorities in Europe","author":"Norredam M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Norredam M, Hayward S, Deal A, et al. Understanding and addressing long-COVID among migrants and ethnic minorities in Europe. Lancet Reg Health Eur 2022: 19. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/35789882\/","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Eur"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(21)00240-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000003597"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa657"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002989"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(21)00151-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_34_2","article-title":"Clinical epidemiology of COVID-19 in people of Black ethnicity living with HIV in the UK","author":"Ottaway Z","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ottaway Z, Campbell L, Cechin LR, et al. Clinical epidemiology of COVID-19 in people of Black ethnicity living with HIV in the UK. HIV Med 2024. https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/hiv.13611","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_35_2","article-title":"Long COVID among people with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Yang X","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang X, Shi F, Zhang H, et al. Long COVID among people with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis. HIV Med 2024. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39252604\/","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afab006"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01494-2020"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HCR.0000000000000336"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_41_2","unstructured":"Frailty in older adults - early identification and management - province of British Columbia. https:\/\/www2.gov.bc.ca\/gov\/content\/health\/practitioner-professional-resources\/bc-guidelines\/frailty#scoringtools"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.12603"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.8823"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_44_2","first-page":"38","article-title":"Characterizing long COVID in an international cohort: 7 months of symptoms and their impact","author":"Davis HE","year":"2021","unstructured":"Davis HE, Assaf GS, McCorkell L, et al. Characterizing long COVID in an international cohort: 7 months of symptoms and their impact. EClinicalMedicine 2021: 38. https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/article\/S2589537021002996\/fulltext","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102842"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000001910"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-02987-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.896985"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.28568"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-61097-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2023.1321"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13557858.2024.2429405"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117603"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/BJGP.2023.0631"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41533-024-00385-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-81275-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e070230","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2022-070230","article-title":"Development and validation of the symptom burden questionnaire for long covid (SBQ-LC): rasch analysis","volume":"377","author":"Hughes SE","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hughes SE, Haroon S, Subramanian A, et al. Development and validation of the symptom burden questionnaire for long covid (SBQ-LC): rasch analysis. BMJ 2022; 377: e070230. https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/377\/bmj-2022-070230","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104413"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-024-01286-3"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_7_60_2","first-page":"109","article-title":"Problems and pitfalls of retrospective survey questions in COVID-19 studies","volume":"14","author":"Hipp L","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hipp L, B\u00fcnning M, Munnes S, et al. Problems and pitfalls of retrospective survey questions in COVID-19 studies. Surv Res Methods 2020; 14(2): 109\u2013114. https:\/\/ojs.ub.uni-konstanz.de\/srm\/article\/view\/7741","journal-title":"Surv Res Methods"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-34244-2"}],"container-title":["International Journal of STD &amp; AIDS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/09564624251334227","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/09564624251334227","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/09564624251334227","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:46:34Z","timestamp":1777675594000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/09564624251334227"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/09564624251334227"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/09564624251334227","relation":{},"ISSN":["0956-4624","1758-1052"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0956-4624","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1052","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]]}}}