{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T11:01:57Z","timestamp":1791975717194,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745971200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745971200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Canadian Institutes of Health Research Team Grant:"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Canadian Institutes of Health Research Team Grant:"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections (STBBIs) disproportionately affect key populations in Canada. For example, recent estimates suggested that the proportion of people living with hepatitis C is the highest among people who use injection drugs and that gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men represent a high proportion of new cases of infectious syphilis. Understanding what STBBIs test users and potential testers perceive as important aspects of testing will help inform testing initiatives. We aimed to determine aspects of STBBI testing that are important to a diverse range of key populations in Canada.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted qualitative interviews and focus groups with people from key populations (gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men; African, Caribbean, or Black individuals; Indigenous individuals; sex workers; people who use substances and injection drugs) and people who do not identify as a key population member. We conducted a thematic analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two major themes emerged: stigma and inequality, and journey into and through the healthcare system. Within the first theme, participants had diverse perspectives on how aspects of their identity interacted with willingness to seek testing. Within the second theme, participants discussed aspects of testing. Test costs, wait times, and testing accuracy were all viewed as important, but differing perspectives emerged about privacy of testing and receiving results, testing location, and who administers the test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants\u2019 perspectives on STBBI testing and willingness to test were informed by their experiences and aspects of their identity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09564624251337595","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T22:31:51Z","timestamp":1746052311000},"page":"622-632","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Attributes that influence testing decisions for sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections: A qualitative study among diverse people in Canada"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"M Elizabeth","family":"Snow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Providence Research"},{"name":"University of British Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary H","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Providence Research"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3359-5552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander CT","family":"Tam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Providence Research"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Easterbrook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Providence Research"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chidubem Ekpereamaka","family":"Okechukwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Providence Research"},{"name":"Northern Ontario School of Medicine University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tima","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Providence Research"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Hutchinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia \u2013 Okanagan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean B","family":"Rourke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Michael\u2019s Hospital (Unity Health Toronto)"},{"name":"University of Toronto"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aslam H","family":"Anis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Providence Research"},{"name":"University of British Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Providence Research"},{"name":"University of British Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","volume-title":"Global health sector strategy on sexually transmitted infections, 2016-2021","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2016","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global health sector strategy on sexually transmitted infections, 2016-2021. Switzerland: Report, World Health Organization, 2016. https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/246296\/?sequence=1."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","unstructured":"Public Health Agency of Canada. Reducing the health impact of sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections in Canada by 2030: a pan-Canadian STBBI framework for action. Report Government of Canada Canada. https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-health\/services\/infectious-diseases\/sexual-health-sexually-transmitted-infections\/reports-publications\/sexually-transmitted-blood-borne-infections-action-framework.html (2018 accessed 13 December 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","unstructured":"Public Health Agency of Canada. Viral hepatitis estimates among key populations in Canada 2021 (infographic). Report Government of Canada https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-health\/services\/publications\/diseases-conditions\/viral-hepatitis-estimates-key-populations-2021.html (2025 accessed 20 March 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14745\/ccdr.v48i23a01"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","unstructured":"Public Health Agency of Canada. Infectious syphilis and congenital syphilis in Canada 2022. Canada Communicable Disease Report. Volume 49-10. https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-health\/services\/reports-publications\/canada-communicable-disease-report-ccdr\/monthly-issue\/2023-49\/issue-10-october-2023\/infectious-congenital-syphilis-canada-2022.html (2024 accessed 21 March 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-021-06602-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-08719-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14745\/ccdr.v47i02a03"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-017-1764-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galli RA Lo Hog Tian JM Sumner-Williams M McBain K Stanizai E Tharao W et al. An observed prospective field study to evaluate the performance and acceptance of a blood-based HIV self-test in Canada. BMC Public Health. 2021 Jul18;21(1).","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-11418-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","first-page":"747619","article-title":"Will an unsupervised self-testing strategy be feasible to operationalize in Canada? Results from a pilot study in students of a Large Canadian University","volume":"2014","author":"Pant Pai N","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pant Pai N, Bhargava M, Joseph L, et al. Will an unsupervised self-testing strategy be feasible to operationalize in Canada? Results from a pilot study in students of a Large Canadian University. AIDS Res Treat 2014; 2014: 747619.","journal-title":"AIDS Res Treat"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/40477"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-022-08529-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17439760.2016.1262612"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","unstructured":"Health Canada. Guidance document - guidance for manufacturers of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for use at the point of care or for self-testing. Guidance document Government of Canada https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/health-canada\/services\/drugs-health-products\/medical-devices\/application-information\/guidance-documents\/human-immunodeficiency-virus-rapid-diagnostic-tests-home-use.html (2017 accessed 29 March 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-6193-3_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13691058.2014.883645"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20220210","DOI":"10.1590\/0034-7167-2022-0210","article-title":"Syphilis in pregnancy and congenital syphilis: women\u2019s experiences from the perspective of symbolic interactionism","volume":"76","author":"Vicente JB","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vicente JB, Sanguino GZ, Riccioppo MRPL, et al. Syphilis in pregnancy and congenital syphilis: women\u2019s experiences from the perspective of symbolic interactionism. 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