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The concurrent infections disrupt the natural course of syphilis, hindering timely diagnosis and the effective implementation of treatment strategies. This research investigates the clinical characteristics of individuals co-infected with Mpox,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T.<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n                      and HIV through case studies, aiming to enhance understanding and identify effective treatment strategies for syphilis to prevent disease progression.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective study was conducted to assess the clinical characteristics and treatment strategies of two patients diagnosed with both syphilis and Mpox. Additionally, a thorough review of the existing literature was performed using the PubMed, Web of Science, and Medline databases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The review identified 32 cases of syphilis co-infected with Mpox, with 75% of individuals also living with HIV and 25% newly diagnosed with HIV. Notably, 66% had a clearly defined stage of syphilis, and serological testing showed that 65% of patients had antibody titers of 1:16 or higher, while 35% had titers of 1:8 or lower.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study emphasizes the importance of evaluating co-infections in individuals with anogenital ulcerative conditions. Timely identification and prompt intervention are crucial for effectively managing concurrent infections, especially when patients are facing multiple infections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09564624251409675","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T15:47:48Z","timestamp":1766504868000},"page":"475-483","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mpox,\n                    <i>Treponema pallidum<\/i>\n                    co-infection in people with newly acquired HIV: A case series and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7995-0089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tongji University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tongji University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui-Rui","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tongji University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zuoxi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tongji University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunjie","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tongji University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tongji University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7355-503X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fu-Quan","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tongji University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.10802"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","volume-title":"Second meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) (IHR) emergency committee regarding the multi-country outbreak of monkeypox","author":"WHO","year":"2002","unstructured":"WHO. 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