{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:46:18Z","timestamp":1777927578396,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766448000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000308","name":"Carnegie Corporation of New York","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["G-19-57145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G-19-57145"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000308","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004441","name":"SIDA","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["54100113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["54100113"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004441","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Uppsala Monitoring Centre and the DELTAS Africa Initiative","award":["107768\/Z\/15\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["107768\/Z\/15\/Z"]}]},{"name":"African Academy of Sciences (AAS)\u2019s Alliance for Accelerating Excellence in Science in Africa"},{"name":"Africa\u2019s Development Planning and Coordinating Agency","award":["Wellcome Trust (UK)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Wellcome Trust (UK)"]}]},{"name":"Africa\u2019s Development Planning and Coordinating Agency","award":["UK government"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UK government"]}]},{"name":"Integrated Diagnostic and Sequencing Platform","award":["Canton of Basel-Stadt"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Canton of Basel-Stadt"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>New HIV-1 infections continue to pose a major challenge to ending the HIV epidemic and may facilitate the transmission of drug-resistant strains. In this study, we aimed to determine the proportion of recent HIV-1 infections (RHI) among individuals initiating HIV care at a rural referral hospital in Tanzania and to assess the prevalence of pre-treatment HIV-1 drug resistance (PDR) and circulating subtypes among those with RHI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this cross-sectional analysis, RHI was identified using the Asante HIV-1 rapid recency assay on bio-banked samples from newly diagnosed adult people living with HIV (PLHIV) enrolled in the Kilombero and Ulanga Antiretroviral cohort between March 2019 and March 2022. Risk factors for recent HIV were evaluated using logistic regression analysis. Genotypic resistance testing (GRT) using Sanger sequencing was performed on samples from people with RHI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 599 PLHIV, 24 (4%) were identified with RHI. No factors were found to be associated with RHI. Genotypic resistance testing was successful in 16 of the 24 (67%) participants, of whom 5 (31%) harbored HIV-1 drug resistance mutations: 4\/16 (25%) for non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, 2\/16 (13%) for nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and 1\/16 (6%) for protease inhibitors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The low prevalence of RHI in this hospital-based study suggests a high rate of late HIV diagnosis. Despite the limited sample size, the notable proportion of people with recent infection who had drug resistance highlights a serious public health concern.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09564624251409692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T16:58:29Z","timestamp":1766509109000},"page":"484-493","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Recent HIV-1 infection and pre-treatment HIV drug resistance among adults initiating antiretroviral therapy in rural Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3134-3992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex J.","family":"Ntamatungiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of the Witwatersrand"},{"name":"Biomedical Research and Clinical Trials, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1902-2683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joel M.","family":"Francis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of the Witwatersrand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dorcas","family":"Mnzava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research and Clinical Trials, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania"},{"name":"Saint Francis Regional Referral Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1253-8970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Ndege","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research and Clinical Trials, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania"},{"name":"Saint Francis Regional Referral Hospital"},{"name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute"},{"name":"University of Basel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prosper S.","family":"Njau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National AIDS, STIs & Hepatitis Control Programme (NASHCoP)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Okuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute"},{"name":"University of Basel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fiona","family":"Vanobberghen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute"},{"name":"University of Basel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4743-5987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel H.","family":"Paris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute"},{"name":"University of Basel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juliana","family":"kagura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of the Witwatersrand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maja","family":"Weisser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research and Clinical Trials, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania"},{"name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute"},{"name":"University of Basel"},{"name":"University Hospital Basel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874613601408010045"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","first-page":"1525646","article-title":"Primary HIV drug resistance among recently infected cases of HIV in North-West India","volume":"2019","author":"Kumar R","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kumar R, Lakshmi PVM, Sagar V, et al. 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