{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:46:41Z","timestamp":1777927601384,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767916800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a frequent non-communicable complication in people living with HIV (PLHIV), influenced by antiretroviral therapy (ART), comorbidities, and healthcare setting. The Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs (DAD) CKD risk score is widely applied internationally, while the Thai CKD risk score, developed for the general Thai population, has not been validated in HIV cohorts. This study compared the predictive accuracy of the DAD models and the Thai CKD risk score in Thai people living with HIV receiving ART.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted using electronic medical records of adults (\u226518\u00a0years) living with HIV at Warinchamrap Hospital between January 2020 and May 2024. Patients with pre-existing CKD or incomplete data were excluded. CKD was defined per Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. Model calibration was assessed with the Hosmer\u2013Lemeshow test, and discrimination with the C-statistic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 901 PLHIV receiving ART, 104 (11.5%) developed incident CKD during a median follow-up of approximately 4\u00a0years. Patients who developed CKD were more likely to be male and have a lower baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate, and higher prevalence of proteinuria and comorbidities. All evaluated models stratified CKD risk; however, the full and short DAD scores showed moderate discrimination (C-statistics \u22480.76) with evidence of risk underestimation and suboptimal calibration. The Thai CKD risk score demonstrated higher discrimination (C-statistic 0.93), sensitivity (88.5%), and better calibration in this cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this Thai HIV cohort, all evaluated risk models provided CKD risk stratification, but the Thai CKD risk score showed more reliable discrimination and calibration than the DAD models. These findings highlight the importance of population-specific validation when applying CKD risk prediction tools in HIV care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09564624251414842","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T16:37:29Z","timestamp":1767976649000},"page":"522-530","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optimizing renal risk assessment in HIV: Validation of the Thai CKD risk score against global models in ART patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4268-0855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nidjawan","family":"Chuenmaitri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Warinchamrab Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6887-8181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teeraporn Sadira","family":"Supapaan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ubon Ratchathani University"},{"name":"Ubon Ratchathani University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7954-2480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peerawat","family":"Jinatongthai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ubon Ratchathani University"},{"name":"Ubon Ratchathani University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","volume-title":"Global HIV & AIDS statistics \u2014 fact sheet","author":"The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS)","year":"2024","unstructured":"The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS). 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[cited 2021 October 9]; Available from: Available at: https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/sites\/default\/files\/media_asset\/UNAIDS_HIV_prevention_among_adolescent_girls_and_young_women.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003649"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","volume-title":"National monitoring and evaluation plan for ending HIV\/AIDS 2021 \u2013 2025","author":"Department of Disease Control Ministry of Public Health","year":"2024","unstructured":"Department of Disease Control Ministry of Public Health. National monitoring and evaluation plan for ending HIV\/AIDS 2021 \u2013 2025. 2024. [cited 2025 23 March]; Available from: https:\/\/ddc.moph.go.th\/uploads\/publish\/1554220240410083109.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","volume-title":"Thailand National Guidelines on HIV\/AIDS Treatment and Prevention 2021\/2022 (in Thai)","author":"Ruxrungtham K","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ruxrungtham K, Chokephaibulkit K, Chetchotisakd P, et al. Thailand National Guidelines on HIV\/AIDS Treatment and Prevention 2021\/2022 (in Thai). Division of AIDS and STIs, 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(18)30093-6"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","first-page":"e45787","article-title":"Tenofovir-induced renal dysfunction among HIV-infected patients: a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Shivakumar YM","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shivakumar YM, Burra E, Shahid K, et al. Tenofovir-induced renal dysfunction among HIV-infected patients: a systematic review. 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