{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T05:10:39Z","timestamp":1788412239444,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772496000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ocular syphilis is a rare but potentially sight-threatening manifestation of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Treponema pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Despite increased awareness related to the global resurgence of syphilis and its association with HIV, data from T\u00fcrkiye remain limited.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This case series included patients diagnosed with ocular syphilis at two tertiary centers in T\u00fcrkiye. We evaluated their clinical, ophthalmologic, serologic, CSF, HIV-related data, treatment, and visual outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty-four patients (43 affected eyes) were included; 92% were male, with a median age of 46\u00a0years (IQR, 31.0\u201352.8). Ocular involvement was the initial clinical manifestation of syphilis in 92% of patients, and 54% had no systemic symptoms at presentation. Bilateral disease was observed in 19 patients (79%). Among the 43 affected eyes, posterior uveitis and panuveitis were the most common anatomical patterns, each observed in 15 eyes (35%). Fifty-eight percent of patients were people living with HIV (PLWH), half of whom were newly diagnosed at presentation. PLWH were significantly younger than those without HIV (median 37.0 vs 52.0\u00a0years;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.012) and were more frequently men who have sex with men (64% vs 0%;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.002). Lumbar puncture revealed at least one cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) abnormality in 71% of individuals; elevated CSF protein levels were more common among PLWH (85% vs 25%;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.017). All individuals received neurosyphilis-equivalent therapy, resulting in significant improvement in visual acuity (median \u0394logMAR \u22120.56;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ocular syphilis frequently presents without systemic symptoms and is often associated with HIV. In patients presenting with posterior uveitis or panuveitis, routine syphilis and HIV testing is essential for accurate diagnosis and timely management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09564624261431179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T10:21:18Z","timestamp":1773224478000},"page":"750-756","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Ocular syphilis: Clinical characteristics, HIV status, and outcomes in a 10-year case series from T\u00fcrkiye"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0760-7740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nazife Duygu","family":"Demirbas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Basci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alper","family":"Gunduz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basaksehir Cam Ve Sakura City Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gozde","family":"Kuran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Semra Tiryaki","family":"Demir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ozlem","family":"Altuntas Aydin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basaksehir Cam Ve Sakura City Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6047-4879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dilek","family":"Yildiz Sevgi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global progress report on HIV viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections 2023 [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2024. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/global-hiv-hepatitis-and-stis-programmes\/stis\/strategic-information"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","volume-title":"Syphilis: annual epidemiological report for 2022","author":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control","year":"2024","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Syphilis: annual epidemiological report for 2022. ECDC, 2024. https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/publications-data\/syphilis-annual-epidemiological-report-2022"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","volume-title":"Syphilis infection statistics, T\u00fcrkiye 2006\u20132023","author":"Republic of T\u00fcrkiye, Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Public Health","year":"2024","unstructured":"Republic of T\u00fcrkiye, Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Public Health. Syphilis infection statistics, T\u00fcrkiye 2006\u20132023. Ankara: Ministry of Health, 2024. https:\/\/hsgm.saglik.gov.tr\/depo\/birimler\/bulasici-hastaliklar-ve-erken-uyari."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16347"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6543a2"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix604"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Clinical advisory: ocular syphilis in the United States [Internet]. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2016. 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