{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T05:19:18Z","timestamp":1787807958980,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary aim of this study was to determine the frequency of prior herpes zoster and its associated clinical and immunovirological factors, while secondary aims included evaluating varicella-zoster virus serostatus and vaccination rates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this multicenter, retrospective, and partially observational study, data from 1,289 people living with HIV between January 2020 and December 2024 were analyzed. Attitudes toward vaccination were also examined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A history of herpes zoster was identified in 5% of participants (n = 65). Individuals with an herpes zoster history were significantly older than those without (45.5 \u00b1 13.1 vs 38.1 \u00b1 12.9\u00a0years;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Herpes zoster history was strongly associated with advanced disease stage at diagnosis (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), lower CD4 percentages (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.020), reduced absolute CD4 counts (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), and lower CD4\/CD8 ratios (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.006) in univariate analysis.Other factors significantly associated with herpes zoster history included prior viremia (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), chronic lung disease (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.006), syphilis (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.016), hepatitis B virus coinfection (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), malignancy (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), and immunomodulatory drug use (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.031). Lack of childhood varicella vaccination was also significantly associated with herpes zoster history (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.003). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, lower CD4 count (aOR 0.992;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001), history of viremia (aOR 5.74;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.004), malignancy (aOR 8.51;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.007), and hepatitis B virus coinfection (aOR 23.56;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.002) were independently associated with herpes zoster. herpes zoster-related pain was reported in 24 patients (36.9%) and was most frequently treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Herpes zoster vaccination coverage was notably low, and willingness to be vaccinated remained similarly limited in both groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Herpes zoster history among people living with HIV was associated with older age, advanced immunosuppression, viremia, and comorbidities, particularly hepatitis B virus and syphilis. Despite the considerable burden of herpes zoster and its complications, vaccination rates remain low. These findings highlight the need to identify high-risk groups and implement targeted vaccination strategies to reduce herpes zoster-related morbidity among people living with HIV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09564624261436935","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T10:39:47Z","timestamp":1774348787000},"page":"1067-1076","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Risk factors and vaccination gaps for herpes zoster in people living with HIV: A multicenter multivariable study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8619-4851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veysel","family":"Akca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sand\u0131kl\u0131 State 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