{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T12:32:12Z","timestamp":1789129932658,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As India marks four decades since its first identified HIV case, national indicators tell a story of remarkable success: prevalence, incidence and HIV-related mortality have fallen since the peak of the epidemic. Yet this aggregate picture obscures a quieter and more troubling shift \u2014 the epidemic that the National AIDS Control Programme was built to fight is not the epidemic it now faces.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key concerns<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The residual burden increasingly reveals populations, places and gaps in care that national figures can mask: pregnant and breastfeeding women who acquire HIV after an initial negative antenatal test, States recording rising mortality despite substantial national declines, and people reaching antiretroviral therapy centres only after advanced immunosuppression. Drawing on the Technical Report released by the Government of India (2024) on HIV estimation and recent peer-reviewed evidence, this opinion piece argues that India\u2019s HIV response risks mistaking a slowing epidemic for a defeated one.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four decades after the first identified case, India\u2019s next HIV response must be built around the epidemic it faces today, not the one that shaped the architecture of the national HIV programme in 1992.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09564624261487929","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T14:43:41Z","timestamp":1788878621000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Forty years after the first case: The uneven geography of India\u2019s HIV success"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0075-3550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bejo Jacob","family":"Raju","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Health, Centre for Chronic Disease Control"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2439-6498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sachu R.","family":"Sunny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Economics, Centre for Development Studies"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","unstructured":"HIV rates by country 2026. World Population Review. https:\/\/worldpopulationreview.com\/country-rankings\/hiv-rates-by-country (2026 accessed 16 August 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","volume-title":"India HIV estimates 2023 technical report","author":"National AIDS Control Organisation, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Digital Health and Data Science","year":"2024","unstructured":"National AIDS Control Organisation, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Digital Health and Data Science. India HIV estimates 2023 technical report. Technical report. National AIDS control Organisation (NACO), Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","unstructured":"Lahariya C Harshana A. The ART of India\u2019s HIV\/AIDS response - the Hindu. https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/lead\/the-art-of-indias-hivaids-response\/article68013606.ece (2024 1 April 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","unstructured":"India makes strides in decreasing new HIV infections AIDS-related deaths: government data. 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WHO Regional Office for Africa. https:\/\/www.afro.who.int\/news\/uhc-day-high-health-care-costs-africa-continue-push-over-150-million-poverty-new-who-report (accessed 16 August 2026).","journal-title":"WHO Regional Office for Africa"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","volume-title":"Integration of noncommunicable diseases into HIV service packages: technical brief","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2023","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Integration of noncommunicable diseases into HIV service packages: technical brief, 2023. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240073470"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","volume-title":"WHO guideline on HIV service delivery: updated guidance on the integration of diabetes, hypertension and mental health services, and interventions to support adherence to antiretroviral therapy","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2025","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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