{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:48:55Z","timestamp":1777927735700,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1992,9,1]],"date-time":"1992-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":715305600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Our knowledge concerning the pathogenesis of infection due to Haemophilus ducreyi is incomplete. In order to produce disease, H. ducreyi must presumably penetrate the skin of the external genitalia, colonize subcutaneous tissues, then produce tissue damage which results in ulcer formation. Penetration of the normal skin most likely occurs via minor abrasions. Adherence of H. ducreyi to different cell lines in vitro has been described, and might be mediated by adhesions such as pili or haemagglutinins. In addition, binding to extracellular matrix proteins has also been reported. Extracellular tissue-degrading enzymes were absent from broth culture supernatants of H. ducreyi. Such supernatants also failed to produce cytopathic effects with established or primary cell lines. Both live and heat-killed H. ducreyi organisms were able to produce lesions in a rabbit or a mouse model, although ulcer formation was dependent on viable H. ducreyi organisms in a recently introduced temperature-dependent rabbit model. With an excessive supply of iron, a more prolonged localized inflammatory disease effect was observed. Results derived from a subcutaneous chamber model demonstrated considerable changes in the expression of outer membrane proteins combined with antibody modulation during in vivo growth of H. ducreyi. These might be important factors for maintenance of infection in the human host particularly as these changes also occur in humans. Despite an increased knowledge of the pathogenesis of chancroid, important questions such as growth requirements, bubo-formation, role of cell-mediated immunity and ulcer formation are still unanswered. The application of molecular biological techniques in order to study these problems will be helpful.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/095646249200300503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,30]],"date-time":"2017-06-30T12:34:25Z","timestamp":1498826065000},"page":"319-323","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Pathophysiological Concept of\n                    <i>Haemophilus Ducreyi<\/i>\n                    Infection (Chancroid)"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"D","family":"Abeck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Universit\u00e4ts-Krankenhaus-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A P","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hospital Infection, Central Public Health Laboratory, London NW9 5HT, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1992,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-095646249200300503","unstructured":"Schmid G. The epidemiology of chancroid. Program and abstracts of the Haemophilus ducreyi symposium, 1st international meeting, Banff, Canada 1991;PS-043, p 185"},{"key":"bibr2-095646249200300503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.7.1.39-43.1978","volume":"7","author":"Hammond GW","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"bibr3-095646249200300503","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/160.3.380"},{"key":"bibr4-095646249200300503","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-198802000-00008"},{"key":"bibr5-095646249200300503","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.2.2.137"},{"key":"bibr6-095646249200300503","first-page":"443","volume":"40","author":"Ballard RC","year":"1898","journal-title":"Hautarzt"},{"key":"bibr7-095646249200300503","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1987.tb01885.x"},{"key":"bibr8-095646249200300503","unstructured":"Abeck D, Szeimis M, Kausewitz P, Histo- and immunopathological investigations of genital ulcers caused by Haemophilus ducreyi. 18th World Congress of Dermatology, New York, 12\u201318 June (abstract)"},{"key":"bibr9-095646249200300503","unstructured":"Lammel CJ, Dekker NP, Palefsky J, Electron microscopic analysis of\n                      H\n                      . ducreyi adherence to and invasion of genital tissue culture cell lines. Program and abstracts of the\n                      Haemophilus ducreyi\n                      symposium, 1st international meeting 1991; Banff, Canada B-017, p 197"},{"key":"bibr10-095646249200300503","unstructured":"Meloche M, Lemchuk-Favel L, Garber G, Cameron DW. Inhibition of cell attachment in culture by a filtrable product of\n                      Haemophilus ducreyi\n                      . Program and abstracts of the\n                      Haemophilus ducreyi\n                      symposium, 1st international meeting 1991; Banff, Canada B-015, p 196"},{"key":"bibr11-095646249200300503","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.1990.tb00133.x"},{"key":"bibr12-095646249200300503","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0882-4010(90)90060-4"},{"key":"bibr13-095646249200300503","first-page":"71","volume":"29","author":"Dienst RB","year":"1948","journal-title":"Am J Syph Gon Ven Dis"},{"key":"bibr14-095646249200300503","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1988.tb02939.x"},{"key":"bibr15-095646249200300503","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.59.8.2601-2608.1991"},{"key":"bibr16-095646249200300503","unstructured":"Baine WB, Joslin S. Production of substances with possible exotoxin activity by\n                      Haemophilus ducrey\n                      . Abstracts of the annual meeting of the American Society for Microbiology 1988; Banff, Canada B-35; p 35"},{"key":"bibr17-095646249200300503","unstructured":"Sturm AW. Lysosomal enzyme release from white blood cells exposed to\n                      Haemophilus ducreyi\n                      . Program and abstracts of the\n                      Haemophilus ducreyi\n                      symposium, 1st international meeting 1991; Banff, Canada B-049, p 199"},{"key":"bibr18-095646249200300503","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0882-4010(91)90085-O"},{"key":"bibr19-095646249200300503","unstructured":"Abeck D, Korting HC, Kollmann M, Johnson AP, Ballard RC, Mensing H. Lack of immunoglobulin Al protease production by\n                      Haemophilus ducreyi\n                      . Zbl Bakt (in press)"},{"key":"bibr20-095646249200300503","first-page":"233","volume":"71","author":"Tuffrey M","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Exp Pathol"},{"key":"bibr21-095646249200300503","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/164.2.359"},{"key":"bibr22-095646249200300503","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-34-6-317"},{"key":"bibr23-095646249200300503","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1990.tb04119.x"},{"key":"bibr24-095646249200300503","unstructured":"Cameron DW, Thompson CE. Murine inoculation with\n                      Haemophilus ducreyi\n                      : infection versus inflammation. Program and abstracts of the\n                      Haemophilus ducreyi\n                      symposium, 1st international meeting 1991; Banff, Canada B-023, p 198"},{"key":"bibr25-095646249200300503","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.13.4.608"},{"key":"bibr26-095646249200300503","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.43.2.607-611.1984"},{"key":"bibr27-095646249200300503","unstructured":"Morse SA. Pathogenesis. Program and abstracts of the\n                      Haemophilus ducreyi\n                      symposium, 1st international meeting 1991; Banff, Canada PS-046; p 185"},{"key":"bibr28-095646249200300503","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/153.5.879"},{"key":"bibr29-095646249200300503","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/095646249000100411"},{"key":"bibr30-095646249200300503","unstructured":"Trees DL, Arko RJ, Morse SA. Variation in the outer membrane proteins of\n                      Haemophilus ducreyi\n                      during in vivo growth. Program and abstracts of the\n                      Haemophilus ducreyi\n                      symposium, 1st international meeting 1991; Banff, Canada B-025, p 198"},{"key":"bibr31-095646249200300503","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1987.tb02064.x"},{"key":"bibr32-095646249200300503","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-23-2-155"},{"key":"bibr33-095646249200300503","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0882-4010(90)90094-7"}],"container-title":["International Journal of STD &amp; AIDS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/095646249200300503","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/095646249200300503","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:50:00Z","timestamp":1777675800000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/095646249200300503"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,9]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/095646249200300503"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/095646249200300503","relation":{},"ISSN":["0956-4624","1758-1052"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0956-4624","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1052","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,9]]}}}